Pesq. Vet. Bras. 34(3):261-269, março 2014 261 RESUMO.-Sete casos de criptococose (seis gatos e um cão) foram estudados para estabelecer as características histomorfológicas e histoquímicas determinantes no diagnóstico histopatológico dessa condição. Os dados complementares relacionados à epidemiologia, aos aspectos clínicos, à localização das lesões e às alterações macroscópicas foram obtidos dos protocolos de necropsias e biópsias. Na histologia, as leveduras foram observadas no interior de macrófagos ou livres no parênquima, associadas à reação inflamatória linfo-histioplasmocítica que variou de escassa a acentuada. Pela técnica de hematoxilina-eosina (HE) as leveduras eram arredondadas, com célula central contendo um núcleo, circundada por um halo claro (cápsula geralmente não corada). As técnicas histoquímicas do ácido periódico de Schiff (PAS), Grocott e Fontana-Masson (FM) foram utilizadas e evidenciaram a parede das células das leveduras. Pelo FM observou-se a melanina presente nessas células. As téc- Seven cases of cryptococosis (six cats and one dog) were studied to establish the determining histomorphological and histochemical characteristics in the histopathological diagnosis of this condition. Additional data related to the epidemiology, clinical aspects, sites of the lesions, and gross findings were obtained from the necropsy and biopsy protocols. Histologically, yeasts were observed inside macrophages or free in the parenchyma, associated with scarse to severe lymphohistioplasmacytic inflammatory reaction. In the hematoxylin-eosin (HE) sections, the yeasts were round, with a central cell containing a nucleus, surrounded by a clear halo (usually non-stained capsule). The techniques of periodic Schiff acid (PAS), Groccot (GMS), and Fontana-Masson (FM) were utilized and demonstrated the wall of the yeast cells. The FM stain showed the melanin present in these cells. The Alcian blue and Mayer's mucicarmin stains showed mainly the yeast polysaccharide capsule. The diameter of the cells ranged from 1.67 to 10.00µm and the full diameter of the encapsulated yeasts varied between 4.17 e 34.16µm. Yeast buddings were better observed through the PAS stain and were narrow based, simple or multiple, mainly in the opposite poles of the cells or forming chains. The definitive diagnosis of cryptococosis was established through the histopathological exam, based on the specific morphology of the agent (encapsulated yeast) and on histochemical proprieties, mostly in the cases without fungal culture.
Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo dos arquivos do LPV-UFSM e examinados os laudos de necropsias de caprinos realizadas num período de 48 anos (1964 a 2011). Foram analisados 114 laudos de necropsias de caprinos. Deste total, 95 (83,33%) tinham diagnóstico conclusivo e 19 (19,66%) tinham diagnóstico inconclusivo. Dos 95 casos conclusivos, as doenças infecciosas e parasitárias foram as mais prevalentes, seguidas em ordem decrescente de prevalência, pelas doenças metabólicas e nutricionais, intoxicações e toxi-infecções e alterações do desenvolvimento. Outras alterações de diferentes naturezas e etiologias que não se enquadravam nos grupos de doenças acima afetaram cerca de 10% dos caprinos examinados. A hemoncose foi a principal causa de morte de caprinos na área de abrangência do LPV-UFSM. Eimeriose e listeriose também foram causas importantes de morte. Dentre as doenças metabólicas e nutricionais, urolitíase, osteoporose, toxemia da prenhez, desnutrição e doença dos músculos brancos foram as mais prevalentes. Principalmente as doenças infecciosas e parasitárias e as metabólicas e nutricionais ocorreram muitas vezes na forma de surtos, acarretando maiores perdas econômicas associadas.
Pythiosis is a severe and life-threatening disease that affects humans and various animal species. We report a model of vascular/disseminated pythiosis occurring after subcutaneous inoculation of 2 x 104 Pythium insidiosum zoospores/mL in immunocompromised BALB/c mice. For this model, we carried out two rounds of experiments. First, we evaluated two protocols of immunosuppression before inoculation: cyclophosphamide at 150 mg/kg (CYP group) and cyclophosphamide 200 mg/kg plus hydrocortisone acetate at 250 mg/kg (CYP+HCA group). It was not possible to obtain mortality in the CYP group; however, the combination of CYP+HCA altered disease outcomes, with mortality rates reaching 60%. Second, we used the CYP+HCA immunosuppression protocol to analyze the histological and immunological statuses triggered by disease. When we inoculated immunocompetent mice with P. insidiosum zoospores, self-healing occurred via increased levels of IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-17A, which are characteristic of the Th1/Th17 cytokine response. For infected and immunosuppressed mice, the cytokine profiles showed high levels of IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-α. Increased IL-10 values are related to fungal infection susceptibility and led us to speculate that infection may be established through suppression of the host immune response. In addition, histopathological evaluation of the kidneys and liver demonstrated the presence of hyphae and the cellular findings suggested an acute vascular inflammation that mimics vascular/disseminated pythiosis in humans. This is the first murine model for pythiosis that is useful both for understanding the pathogenesis of this disease and for evaluating new treatment approaches.
RESUMO.-Carcinomas de células escamosas vulvares (CCEVs) em bovinos foram estudados retrospectivamente quanto à prevalência, epidemiologia, quadro clinicopatológico e aspectos imuno-histoquímicos. O Vulvar squamous cell carcinomas (VSCCs) in cattle were retrospectively studied regarding the prevalence, epidemiology, clinicopathological, and immunohistochemical aspects. The degree of vulvar pigmentation was also evaluated. In the 48 years analyzed, necropsy and biopsy reports of 7,483 cattle were found. Out of these, 664 (8.87%) cases of various neoplasms were identiϐied; 33 (4.97%) of these cases were of VSCCs. Nineteen cows were Holstein, three were Charolais, one was Jersey, and 10 were mix breed cows. Grossly, the main change was vulvar swelling, with bleeding and concomitant myiasis. The tumor masses were ϐirm, ulcerated and with yellow areas. It was possible to reevaluate microscopically 30 out of the 33 cases. Eight of them were well differentiated, 17 were moderately differentiated, and ϐive were poorly differentiated VSCCs. The evaluation of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) was performed in 21 cases. Epithelial hyperplasia was observed in 10 cases, mild dysplasia in two, moderate in one, and severe in ϐive cases; in three cases no SILs were observed. Fontana-Masson stain for melanin was performed in 21 cases. In 17 cases the epidermal pigmentation was absent; it was mild in two and moderate in other two cases. Independently of the degree of differentiation, most neoplastic keratinocytes were strongly positive for bovine pancytokeratine through the immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique. Bovine papillomavirus was not detected by IHC in this study.INDEX TERMS: Vulvar neoplasms, squamous cell carcinoma, cattle diseases, immunohistochemistry.
Pesq. Vet. Bras. 32(5): 424-429, maio 2012 424 RESUMO.-Os achados clínico-patológicos de sete casos de osteopatia hipertróϐica em cães foram estudados. Os cães afetados apresentavam sinais clínicos indicativos de envolvimento ósseo e lesões macroscópicas principalmente nos ossos longos dos membros. As lesões consistiram de neoformação óssea periosteal detectada em exame radiográ-ϐico, na inspeção óssea durante a necropsia e, com grande nível de detalhamento, em espécimes ósseos macerados. A proliferação óssea observada era parcialmente circunferencial e ocorreu principalmente na diáϐise dos ossos longos. Era constituída por trabéculas ósseas de tamanho e espessura irregulares que estavam dispostas de forma perpendicular ao córtex ósseo original. Em todos os casos as lesões de osteopatia hipertróϐica foram associadas a neoplasmas pulmonares (primários ou metastáticos). Clinical and pathological aspects of hypertrophic osteopathy in seven dogs were studied. Affected dogs had clinical signs of bone involvement and lesions mainly in the long bones of the limbs. The lesions consisted of periosteal new bone formation detected on radiographic examination, inspection of bones during the necropsy, and with great detail, in macerated bone specimens. The bone proliferation observed was partially circumferential and occurred mainly in the diaphysis of long bones. It consisted of bone trabeculae of irregular size and thickness that were arranged perpendicularly to the original bone cortex. In all cases the lesions were associated with lung neoplasms (primary or metastatic).INDEX TERMS: Diseases of dogs, bone pathology, periosteal proliferation, hypertrophic osteopathy, Marie's disease.
RESUMO: A babesiose é uma doença hemolítica transmitida por carrapatos e causada por protozoários intraeritrocitários do gênero Babesia. Esta é uma doença de incidência elevada na Região Sul do Brasil e responsável por perdas econômicas consideráveis. O diagnóstico clínico-patológico pode ser feito através da demonstração do parasito pelo exame de esfregaços sanguíneos ou de tecidos frescos. Entretanto, com frequência, somente órgãos fixados em formol são remetidos para laboratórios de patologia, o que impossibilita a realização do esfregaço. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi encontrar técnicas histoquímicas alternativas e capazes de aprimorar a evidenciação de Babesia bovis intraeritrocitária em tecidos fixados em formol. Para este estudo, foram analisadas retrospectivamente amostras de tecidos de 50 casos de necropsias de bovinos, as quais haviam sido fixadas em formol e processadas rotineiramente para histopatologia. Os casos foram divididos em um grupo controle, constituído por 12 casos de babesiose cerebral com substância cinzenta encefálica róseo-cereja característica (grupo A), e 38 casos sugestivos de tristeza parasitária bovina (grupo B), conforme os protocolos de necropsias. Foram testadas as técnicas histoquímicas de Azul Alciano, Azul de Metileno, Azul de Toluidina, Giemsa, Gram (método de McCallum-Goodpasture), Grocott, Ácido Periódico de Schiff e Ziehl-Neelsen. Dentre estas, observou-se que as técnicas de Azul de Metileno e Azul de Toluidina permitiram observar características morfológicas e tintoriais de maneira mais nítida, auxiliando na identificação de B. bovis. Adicionalmente, foram estabelecidos vários parâmetros clínico-epidemiológicos e anatomopatológicos da babesiose por B. bovis.
Intracranial and supratentorial meningiomas were the most frequent in relation to the other intracranial or intraspinal sites. The intracranial ones were characterized mainly by clinical signs of thalamic-cortical alteration. Intraspinal ones were mainly characterized by ataxia. G-I meningiomas were the most frequent (63.6%) in dogs, followed by G-III (22.7%) and G-II (13.6%). GI were characterized by having the psammomatous subtype as the most frequent, more than one morphological pattern in the same tumor, one third presenting areas of invasion of nervous tissue, 71.4% of cases involving females, a mean age of 11 years, pure breed dogs as the most affected ones and for having the longest survival time after the manifestation of clinical signs. G-II meningiomas were characterized by having the chordoid subtype as the most frequent, invasion of nervous tissue in one third of cases, only females affected, a mean age of 12 years, two-thirds of the dogs affected were mongrels and the maximum survival time of 20 days. The G-III meningiomas were characterized by having the papillary subtype as the most frequent, invasion of the nervous tissue in 80% of the cases, 60% of the cases involving females, a mean age of 8 years, 80% of dogs affected were Boxers and the maximum survival time of 90 days. In conclusion, this study allowed to establish a relationship between the three histological grades observed in 22 cases of meningiomas in dogs with various clinical-epidemiological and pathological parameters, providing useful information for a better understanding of the correlation between the histological grading and the clinical evolution of these neoplasms.
Although ultrasound (US) is a routine diagnostic modality, it still presents limitations for the diagnosis of lesions such as those in the proximal insertion of the suspensory ligament (PISL) because of its composition, which includes muscle fibers and adipose tissue interspersed with the ligament fibers. The objective of the present study was to describe the ultrasonographic, macroscopic and histological aspects of the PISL of thoracic limbs (TL) and pelvic limbs (PL) in Crioulo horses (CH). We selected 34 specimens of TL (right and left) and 10 specimens of PL of horses with a mean age of 5.7 years, from a private clinic or sent to the Department of Veterinary Pathology of UFSM, which died from different causes. The animals had no previous history of lameness in selected limbs associated with PISL injuries. The 34 specimens of PISL of TL were divided into CH (n=25) and Thoroughbred horses (TBH) (n=9), which composed the control group, and 11 specimens of PISL of PL were divided into CH (n=8) and TBH (n=3), which also served as control. The US examination was performed in the PISL using a Sonosite Edge device, 5-10 MHz linear transducer, with cross-sectional and longitudinal palmaromedial and palmarolateral images of the proximal surface of metacarpus III, II and IV (MCIII/MCII/MCIV). In PL, the evaluation was performed four centimeters below the chestnut in the plantaromedial aspect of metatarsus III and II (MTIII/MTII). PISL lobulated shape and size were compared with those of the contralateral limb, as well as the regularity of the palmar bone surface of MC III, II and IV. Subsequently, dissection of the PISL lobes was performed, as well as its macroscopic evaluation, which preceded the histological processing of the samples. In specimens of the CH breed, PISL showed echogenicity varying from peripheral dorsal hyperechogenic zones that merge into echogenic and hypoechogenic zones, where lobulation occurs. In the samples from the TBH group, PISL was also lobulated, but with differences in the echogenicity pattern such as diffuse hypoechogenicity and echogenicity. Macroscopically, CH samples presented a large amount of adipose tissue that corresponds to the dorsal peripheral zone of PISL, which ends in the connective tissue that delimits the ligamentous lobes. On a macroscopic cross-section of PISL, muscle fibers in red are mixed with white ligament fibers in the center of the ligament. This macroscopic finding was not observed in TBH samples, in which muscle fibers overlap ligament fibers throughout the ligament extension and a small amount of fat is present in the dorsal periphery of the ligament. PISL of PL had a triangular shape with echogenicity characteristics very similar to those observed in TL. In ultrasonographic, macroscopic and histological evaluation, PISL samples of TL and PL in CH showed a larger amount of peripheral dorsal adipose tissue, as well as a larger number of merged ligament and muscle fibers compared with those in TBH.
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