Pesq. Vet. Bras. 34(3):261-269, março 2014 261 RESUMO.-Sete casos de criptococose (seis gatos e um cão) foram estudados para estabelecer as características histomorfológicas e histoquímicas determinantes no diagnóstico histopatológico dessa condição. Os dados complementares relacionados à epidemiologia, aos aspectos clínicos, à localização das lesões e às alterações macroscópicas foram obtidos dos protocolos de necropsias e biópsias. Na histologia, as leveduras foram observadas no interior de macrófagos ou livres no parênquima, associadas à reação inflamatória linfo-histioplasmocítica que variou de escassa a acentuada. Pela técnica de hematoxilina-eosina (HE) as leveduras eram arredondadas, com célula central contendo um núcleo, circundada por um halo claro (cápsula geralmente não corada). As técnicas histoquímicas do ácido periódico de Schiff (PAS), Grocott e Fontana-Masson (FM) foram utilizadas e evidenciaram a parede das células das leveduras. Pelo FM observou-se a melanina presente nessas células. As téc- Seven cases of cryptococosis (six cats and one dog) were studied to establish the determining histomorphological and histochemical characteristics in the histopathological diagnosis of this condition. Additional data related to the epidemiology, clinical aspects, sites of the lesions, and gross findings were obtained from the necropsy and biopsy protocols. Histologically, yeasts were observed inside macrophages or free in the parenchyma, associated with scarse to severe lymphohistioplasmacytic inflammatory reaction. In the hematoxylin-eosin (HE) sections, the yeasts were round, with a central cell containing a nucleus, surrounded by a clear halo (usually non-stained capsule). The techniques of periodic Schiff acid (PAS), Groccot (GMS), and Fontana-Masson (FM) were utilized and demonstrated the wall of the yeast cells. The FM stain showed the melanin present in these cells. The Alcian blue and Mayer's mucicarmin stains showed mainly the yeast polysaccharide capsule. The diameter of the cells ranged from 1.67 to 10.00µm and the full diameter of the encapsulated yeasts varied between 4.17 e 34.16µm. Yeast buddings were better observed through the PAS stain and were narrow based, simple or multiple, mainly in the opposite poles of the cells or forming chains. The definitive diagnosis of cryptococosis was established through the histopathological exam, based on the specific morphology of the agent (encapsulated yeast) and on histochemical proprieties, mostly in the cases without fungal culture.

Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo dos arquivos do LPV-UFSM e examinados os laudos de necropsias de caprinos realizadas num período de 48 anos (1964 a 2011). Foram analisados 114 laudos de necropsias de caprinos. Deste total, 95 (83,33%) tinham diagnóstico conclusivo e 19 (19,66%) tinham diagnóstico inconclusivo. Dos 95 casos conclusivos, as doenças infecciosas e parasitárias foram as mais prevalentes, seguidas em ordem decrescente de prevalência, pelas doenças metabólicas e nutricionais, intoxicações e toxi-infecções e alterações do desenvolvimento. Outras alterações de diferentes naturezas e etiologias que não se enquadravam nos grupos de doenças acima afetaram cerca de 10% dos caprinos examinados. A hemoncose foi a principal causa de morte de caprinos na área de abrangência do LPV-UFSM. Eimeriose e listeriose também foram causas importantes de morte. Dentre as doenças metabólicas e nutricionais, urolitíase, osteoporose, toxemia da prenhez, desnutrição e doença dos músculos brancos foram as mais prevalentes. Principalmente as doenças infecciosas e parasitárias e as metabólicas e nutricionais ocorreram muitas vezes na forma de surtos, acarretando maiores perdas econômicas associadas.

Pythiosis is a severe and life-threatening disease that affects humans and various animal species. We report a model of vascular/disseminated pythiosis occurring after subcutaneous inoculation of 2 x 104 Pythium insidiosum zoospores/mL in immunocompromised BALB/c mice. For this model, we carried out two rounds of experiments. First, we evaluated two protocols of immunosuppression before inoculation: cyclophosphamide at 150 mg/kg (CYP group) and cyclophosphamide 200 mg/kg plus hydrocortisone acetate at 250 mg/kg (CYP+HCA group). It was not possible to obtain mortality in the CYP group; however, the combination of CYP+HCA altered disease outcomes, with mortality rates reaching 60%. Second, we used the CYP+HCA immunosuppression protocol to analyze the histological and immunological statuses triggered by disease. When we inoculated immunocompetent mice with P. insidiosum zoospores, self-healing occurred via increased levels of IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-17A, which are characteristic of the Th1/Th17 cytokine response. For infected and immunosuppressed mice, the cytokine profiles showed high levels of IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-α. Increased IL-10 values are related to fungal infection susceptibility and led us to speculate that infection may be established through suppression of the host immune response. In addition, histopathological evaluation of the kidneys and liver demonstrated the presence of hyphae and the cellular findings suggested an acute vascular inflammation that mimics vascular/disseminated pythiosis in humans. This is the first murine model for pythiosis that is useful both for understanding the pathogenesis of this disease and for evaluating new treatment approaches.

RESUMO.-Carcinomas de células escamosas vulvares (CCEVs) em bovinos foram estudados retrospectivamente quanto à prevalência, epidemiologia, quadro clinicopatológico e aspectos imuno-histoquímicos. O Vulvar squamous cell carcinomas (VSCCs) in cattle were retrospectively studied regarding the prevalence, epidemiology, clinicopathological, and immunohistochemical aspects. The degree of vulvar pigmentation was also evaluated. In the 48 years analyzed, necropsy and biopsy reports of 7,483 cattle were found. Out of these, 664 (8.87%) cases of various neoplasms were identiϐied; 33 (4.97%) of these cases were of VSCCs. Nineteen cows were Holstein, three were Charolais, one was Jersey, and 10 were mix breed cows. Grossly, the main change was vulvar swelling, with bleeding and concomitant myiasis. The tumor masses were ϐirm, ulcerated and with yellow areas. It was possible to reevaluate microscopically 30 out of the 33 cases. Eight of them were well differentiated, 17 were moderately differentiated, and ϐive were poorly differentiated VSCCs. The evaluation of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) was performed in 21 cases. Epithelial hyperplasia was observed in 10 cases, mild dysplasia in two, moderate in one, and severe in ϐive cases; in three cases no SILs were observed. Fontana-Masson stain for melanin was performed in 21 cases. In 17 cases the epidermal pigmentation was absent; it was mild in two and moderate in other two cases. Independently of the degree of differentiation, most neoplastic keratinocytes were strongly positive for bovine pancytokeratine through the immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique. Bovine papillomavirus was not detected by IHC in this study.INDEX TERMS: Vulvar neoplasms, squamous cell carcinoma, cattle diseases, immunohistochemistry.

Pesq. Vet. Bras. 32(5): 424-429, maio 2012 424 RESUMO.-Os achados clínico-patológicos de sete casos de osteopatia hipertróϐica em cães foram estudados. Os cães afetados apresentavam sinais clínicos indicativos de envolvimento ósseo e lesões macroscópicas principalmente nos ossos longos dos membros. As lesões consistiram de neoformação óssea periosteal detectada em exame radiográ-ϐico, na inspeção óssea durante a necropsia e, com grande nível de detalhamento, em espécimes ósseos macerados. A proliferação óssea observada era parcialmente circunferencial e ocorreu principalmente na diáϐise dos ossos longos. Era constituída por trabéculas ósseas de tamanho e espessura irregulares que estavam dispostas de forma perpendicular ao córtex ósseo original. Em todos os casos as lesões de osteopatia hipertróϐica foram associadas a neoplasmas pulmonares (primários ou metastáticos). Clinical and pathological aspects of hypertrophic osteopathy in seven dogs were studied. Affected dogs had clinical signs of bone involvement and lesions mainly in the long bones of the limbs. The lesions consisted of periosteal new bone formation detected on radiographic examination, inspection of bones during the necropsy, and with great detail, in macerated bone specimens. The bone proliferation observed was partially circumferential and occurred mainly in the diaphysis of long bones. It consisted of bone trabeculae of irregular size and thickness that were arranged perpendicularly to the original bone cortex. In all cases the lesions were associated with lung neoplasms (primary or metastatic).INDEX TERMS: Diseases of dogs, bone pathology, periosteal proliferation, hypertrophic osteopathy, Marie's disease.