The decrease in GCD, which was correlated with operative time, had not recovered at 3 months after cataract surgery. Therefore, microscopic ocular surface damage during cataract surgery seems to be one of the pathogenic factors that cause ocular discomfort and dry eye syndrome after cataract surgery.

From a total of 71 laboratory-confirmed cases, three presymptomatic patients and 10 patients with entirely asymptomatic infections were identified. In two of the three incubation period patients, the viral titer in the presymptomatic period was very high (Ct value < 20). The median number of days to first negative RT-PCR in the asymptomatic carriers was 4.5 (range 2.5-9), and all asymptomatic carriers reached a first RT-PCR Ct > 35 within 14 days after diagnosis. Patients who have COVID-19 may already be infectious before there are symptoms, and 14 days of isolation after diagnosis may be sufficient in entirely asymptomatic cases.

No abstract

Susceptible dogs were brought into contact with dogs experimentally infected with an avian-origin infl uenza A virus (H3N2) that had been isolated from a pet dog with severe respiratory syndrome. All the experimentally infected and contact-exposed dogs showed elevated rectal temperatures, virus shedding, seroconversion, and severe necrotizing tracheobronchitis and bronchioalveolitis.T ransmission of highly pathogenic avian-origin canine infl uenza A viruses (H3N2) that spread across South Korea during May through December 2007 was observed repeatedly in the country's animal clinics (1). These viruses share >97% nucleotide sequence homology, suggesting that whole viruses were transmitted directly from birds to dogs. To determine whether these viruses can be transmitted directly from dog to dog, we experimentally infected beagles by direct contact. Dog-to-dog transmission of the virus raises questions about the interspecies transmission of avian infl uenza viruses and adaptation of these viruses to canine physiology. The StudyDogs in the study comprised 3 groups of beagles housed in different rooms of the isolation facility at Green Cross Veterinary Products (Yong-in, South Korea). The virus used was avian-origin canine infl uenza virus A/ canine/01/2007, subtype H3N2, which had been isolated from a pet dog with severe respiratory syndrome. In the fi rst group (challenge group), 4 beagles were inoculated intranasally with a 10 6.5 50% egg infectious dose (EID 50 ). Two hours later, the second group of 4 uninfected dogs (exposure group) was housed in the same contaminant room. These uninoculated dogs had frequent direct noseto-nose contact with the inoculated dogs. The third group of 4 dogs (control group) was housed separately as uninoculated controls. Rectal temperatures were checked and nasal swab samples were collected daily. We monitored clinical signs of infection 7 days postinoculation (dpi) and examined nasal swabs obtained 10 dpi for virus shedding; serum samples were collected at 0, 3, 7, 9, and 13 dpi. Serum antibodies against nucleoprotein were detected by using a commercial competitive ELISA (Animal Genetics, Inc., Suwon, South Korea). On 7 and 13 dpi, 2 dogs from each group were euthanized for gross and histopathologic examination. All organs from the dogs were rapidly immersed in 10% neutral formalin buffer to prevent autolysis and stored overnight. All animal experiments complied with the current laws of South Korea. Animal care and treatment were conducted in accordance with guidelines established by the Seoul National University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. A p value <0.01 was considered statistically signifi cant.Clinical signs, including sneezing, nasal discharge, and coughing, were observed 2-8 dpi in the challenge group and 5-8 dpi in the exposure group. Twenty-four hours after inoculation, fever developed in dogs in the challenge group (mean rectal temperature 39.85°C-39.75°C) that lasted until 3 dpi. Fever (39.5°C) developed in dogs in the exposure group 72 hours after exposu...

Increased VAT is an independent risk factor for CRN. Further large scale studies are needed to clarify the causal relationship between VAT and CRN.

Prophylactic closure of gastric EMR-induced ulcers with hemoclips reduced delayed bleeding.

The status of H. pylori is the most important risk factor affecting recurrence. Therefore, adequate eradication regimen and accurate regular evaluation for H. pylori status are needed during follow up of primary gastric low-grade B-cell MALT lymphoma.

Healing degree of ESD-induced ulcers at 4 weeks is dependent on initial ulcer size, indicating that duration of treatment with PPI should be dependent on initial ulcer size.