Qualidade de ovos de consumo submetidos a diferentes condições de armazenamento[ RESUMOVerificou-se a qualidade interna de ovos de consumo armazenados sob diferentes condições, utilizando-se 768 ovos, provenientes de galinhas Hy-line com 40 semanas de idade. Os tratamentos foram dispostos no delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 2x4x8 (ovos embalados em filme plástico e não embalados), quatro períodos de estocagem em temperatura ambiente (zero, cinco, 10 e 15 dias) e oito períodos de armazenamento sob refrigeração (zero, cinco, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 e 35 dias). Foram avaliados os valores das Unidades Haugh (UH) e os de pH do albúmem (pH). Os valores de UH diminuíram com a estocagem, e houve uma queda mais acentuada nos ovos que permaneceram em temperatura ambiente. A embalagem das bandejas de ovos mostrou-se eficaz na preservação da qualidade interna dos ovos, pois os valores de UH mantiveram-se altos por um maior período de estocagem. Os índices de pH aumentaram com o período de armazenamento dos ovos (P≤0,05) independentemente da temperatura de estocagem e do uso da embalagem. Foi concluído que a temperatura e o tempo de armazenamento dos ovos exercem influência nos valores de UH, e que a embalagem das bandejas de ovos em filme plástico melhora a qualidade interna dos ovos.Palavras-chave: ovo, estocagem, unidade Haugh, pH do albúmen ABSTRACTThe internal quality of 768 commercial white eggs from 40-week-old Hy-Line laying hens was evaluated after storage under different conditions. The eggs were submitted to treatments in a factorial scheme of 2x4x8, being two types of package (using plastic film or not), four periods of storage (zero, five, 10, and 15 days), and eight refrigerated storage times (zero, five, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 days) (Brasil, 1997) determine condições mínimas internas (câmaras de ar variando de 4 a 10mm; gemas translúcidas, firmes, consistentes e sem germe desenvolvido; claras transparentes, consistentes, límpidas, sem manchas e com as chalazas intactas), na prática, somente o peso e as características da casca têm sido considerados.

Qualidade de ovos comerciais submetidos a diferentes condições de armazenamento

The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of using bioactive amines as an index of quality of fresh and stored eggs. Large white eggs from 24-wk-old Dekalb layers were randomly distributed in 3 groups: (i) 10 freshly laid eggs, (ii) 60 eggs stored at 25 +/- 1 degrees C and 60% RH for 30 d, and (iii) 50 eggs stored at 6 +/- 1 degrees C and 60% RH for 50 d. The eggs were weighed and the internal quality was evaluated by Haugh units (HU), pH of albumen, total solids, total volatile bases, and bioactive amines in the albumen and yolk. The fresh eggs had, on average, 56.85 g, 98.55 HU, albumen pH of 8.02, total solids of 12.17 g/100 g in the albumen and 52.43 g/100 g in the yolk, and absence of volatile bases. None of the 10 amines investigated were detected in the albumen; however, the yolk contained 0.37 mg/kg of spermidine. Throughout storage, there was a significant decrease in the weight of the egg and HU and a significant increase in the pH and in the total solids of the albumen. The decrease in HU and the increase in the total solids of the albumen were faster at 25 +/- 1 degrees C compared with 6 +/- 1 degrees C. At 50 and 30 d of storage at 6 +/- 1 and 25 +/- 1 degrees C, respectively, significant levels of total volatile bases were detected. The levels of spermidine in the yolk increased significantly at the 40th and 15th days of storage at 6 +/- 1 and 25 +/- 1 degrees C, respectively. At these storage times, the presence of putrescine and agmatine was also detected. Therefore, the presence of other amines besides spermidine or spermidine levels higher than 1.0 mg/kg in the yolk could be used as an index of quality of fresh eggs and throughout storage.

RESUMOAvaliaram-se o pH e a qualidade microbiológica de ovos integrais pasteurizados refrigerados obtidos de dois tipos de matéria-prima: o ovo in natura (comercial ) e o ovo galado (ovo fértil). Os tratamentos foram dispostos no delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas, sendo na parcela dois tipos de ovos integrais pasteurizados, o comercial e o galado, e na subparcela quatro períodos de estocagem sob temperatura de refrigeração, um, sete, 14 e 21 dias. Não foi observada a presença de Salmonella spp. em nenhuma amostra analisada, e para os ovos comerciais, o período de estocagem não contribuiu para o aumento (P>0,05) da contaminação por mesófilos aeróbios, coliformes a 35ºC, Staphylococcus spp. e bolores e leveduras. Para as amostras de ovos galados, o período de armazenamento influenciou no aumento (P<0,05) da contagem de mesófilos aeróbios, coliformes a 35ºC, bolores e leveduras, e Staphylococcus spp. Os valores de pH aumentaram durante os primeiros dias do armazenamento e depois voltaram a diminuir. Concluiu-se que os ovos integrais galados pasteurizados apresentam pior qualidade em relação aos ovos integrais comerciais pasteurizados, e que o período de validade sob refrigeração desses tipos de ovos poderia ser de sete e 14 dias, respectivamente.Palavras-chave: ovo integral pasteurizado refrigerado, ovo galado, armazenamento, microbiologia, pH ABSTRACTThe pH and microbiological quality of refrigerated pasteurized whole eggs at 4ºC obtained from two types of raw materials, in nature (commercial) egg and the fertile egg were evaluated. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized split plot design, the two types of pasteurized whole eggs (commercial and fertile) were alloted to the plots and four periods of storage under refrigeration (one, seven, 14 and 21 days)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the viability of Campylobacter spp. in frozen and chilled broiler carcasses using real-time PCR with propidium monoazide (PMA) pretreatment. Sixty broiler carcasses were collected: 30 frozen and 30 chilled. Each carcass was submitted to 2 real-time PCR protocols to detect and quantify Campylobacter spp.: one using pretreatment with PMA, which blocks the amplification of DNA from dead bacteria, and the other without PMA. The results showed that PMA-pretreated carcasses, either frozen or chilled, had a lower positivity rate compared to untreated samples (P < 0.001). Regarding storage temperatures, PMA-pretreated frozen carcasses that tested positive were in a lesser number than chilled carcasses (P < 0.05). However, the quantification of total and live bacteria in PMA-pretreated frozen carcasses that tested positive showed no significant difference compared to chilled carcasses. It was concluded that the real-time PCR with PMA pretreatment was a sensitive method for evaluating the viability of Campylobacter spp. in broiler carcasses. Chilled broiler carcasses would represent greater hazard to public health concerning Campylobacter transmission.

The physicochemical and microbiological qualities of commercial eggs produced by layer hens of different ages (approximately 30 and 60 wk old) were submitted to storage under room temperature or refrigeration for 28 d. A total of 600 eggs were subjected to microbiological analyses of their inner contents and another 600 to a determination of Haugh units (HU) and bioactive amine content. A decrease in the quality of the inner contents of the eggs was observed during the experiment, mainly in the eggs from the 60-wk-old layers, which presented the worst HU values when stored at room temperature (P < 0.05). Microbiological analyses showed an absence of Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and coliforms, either total or thermal-tolerant; however, low counts of other Staphylococcus species, Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., mesophilic aerobic bacteria, and fungi were also recorded. The chromatographic analysis of bioactive amines detected the presence of phenylethylamine in all albumens (38.0 mg/kg) and spermidine in the yolks (1.02 mg/kg). It was concluded that the age of the hens and the time and temperature of storage influenced the quality parameters of the eggs (P < 0.05). Furthermore, despite the low levels of microbial contamination found, phenylethylamine was detected in the albumen. It was not possible to establish index of quality of eggs using bioactive amines present in the yolk and albumen of eggs.

RESUMOOs efeitos de fontes de lipídios na dieta de poedeiras sobre o desempenho produtivo e a qualidade do ovo foram verificados em dois experimentos. Foram utilizados quatro tratamentos, definidos de acordo com a fonte lipídica adicionada nas rações: óleo de soja, óleo de girassol, óleo de linhaça e ração controle (sem adição de óleo). Os experimentos foram realizados com poedeiras de 20 e 54 semanas de idade, respectivamente, com duração de oito semanas. Avaliaram-se os parâmetros produtivos -consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, produção e peso dos ovos -e de qualidade do ovo -porcentagens de gema, albúmen e casca, sólidos da gema, unidades Haugh, pH do albúmen, e cor da gema. Somente o peso do ovo de poedeiras jovens foi afetado pela inclusão de óleos vegetais na ração. Esses ovos apresentaram maior peso e maior porcentagem de gema que os produzidos pelas poedeiras jovens alimentadas com ração-controle. Concluiu-se que a utilização de diferentes fontes de lipídios na ração de poedeiras não altera o desempenho produtivo e a qualidade interna dos ovos, com exceção do peso do ovo de poedeiras novas, que aumenta com a utilização de óleos vegetais.Palavras-chave: poedeira, desempenho produtivo, qualidade do ovo, óleo ABSTRACT

The depletion times of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin as well as sulfaquinoxaline and oxytetracycline were evaluated in broiler chickens that had been subjected to pharmacological treatment. The presence and residue levels of these drugs in muscle tissue were evaluated using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method that was validated in this work. The results showed the presence of all antimicrobial residues; however, the presence of residues at concentrations higher than the drugs’ maximum residue limit (MRL) of 100 μg kg-1 was found only during the treatment period for oxytetracycline and until two days after discontinuation of the medication for enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and sulfaquinoxaline. It was concluded that the residues of all antimicrobials were rapidly metabolized from the broiler muscles; after four days of withdrawal, the levels were lower than the limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method for the studied analytes.