The article presents the results of the influence of geometrical features of defects in materials on the level of identification by the eddy current method. The study involved the inner ring of the tapered roller bearing. Four test defects, located at a constant distance from the inner surface, and a subsurface marker defect were performed in the treadmill of the tested ring. The test defects had a constant cross-sectional area in a perpendicular direction to the surface of the eddy current head. The geometrical features of each defect were the following: shape, the perimeter of the defect projected onto the surface of the ring, and the width and height of the defect projected on the face of the measuring head. The study involved an inner surface (subsurface defect detection) and external surface (the study of surface defects). It has been shown that the shape of the defect affects the level of detection using the eddy current method.
Volatile organic compounds (VOC) released into the air contribute to adverse climate changes, discomfort, and harmful effects on the human body. Principal sources of VOC emissions are industrial processes and, in the case of rooms for human residence, building materials and indoor furnishings. VOC emissions are monitored and restricted in line with legislation prevailing in the European Union and most countries of the world. The chamber method is used to measure noxious substance emissions from building materials and indoor furnishings.The paper analyses the impact of regulatory requirements concerning emission test parameters and apparatus on technical solutions as part of air preparation assemblies and emission measurement chambers. The design of a 0.225m 3 steel chamber is presented, which was developed by our Institute based on our experience in the design and construction of similar apparatus. Results of verification testing are described.
The paper presents the structure of a control system incorporated into a process line for the production of documents secured with RFID labels. The line enables a flexible and easy manufacture of goods with different shapes and sizes in a low-cost experimental production undertaken to meet the needs of continuing improvement of prototypes and short series of innovative products with increased durability and higher level of security, which is possible to be obtained due to the application of electronic and graphical protection systems [1]. The line is intended for the assembly of multilayer documents. The documents are made of a raw stock in form of paper web, an RFID inlay and a protective film which all are glued together with the use of cold gluing and hot-melt techniques or in which a transfer tape with an adhesive film is applied. The tape and the elements mounted on it are transported and stopped by drive modules, whereas maintenance procedures are executed by actuators. These modules initiate proper strain of the tape, and as a result the material is flattened and a stable distance between the elements mounted on it is preserved. In the case of a start-stop operation and close distances between individual guide rollers, a proper tape strain and the time-space synchronization of all the modules constitute an important aspect of the control over the flexible technological system.
The article presents the operation and structure of a dispersion adhesive applicator dedicated for printing industry. Contrary to the currently used solutions in which the length of the glue layer is defined by the geometry of the glue roller, the original device enables free formation of the relation between the bonding area and adhesive-free areas. Based on the analysis of geometrical and time dependencies characterising the designed device, a mechatronic control system was developed to enable repeated glue application synchronised with the markers commonly used in printing industry and applied onto the paper. Constructed based on a programmable PLC controller, the system has control over all crucial technological parameters of the process (temperature, glue amount, beginning and end of the bonding area). The user-device communication is interactive, and therefore an additional user panel (touch-screen) is employed. The developed solution was used for applying dispersion adhesives in a technological line for producing multilayer ID cards with RFID labels.
The article presents an innovative method for hair dye dispensing and a prototype device enabling automatic dispensing of hair dyes and other semifluid substances. The dispenser makes it possible to programme colour compositions and to precisely dispense the programmed amounts of dyes from three different tubes to combine colours and achieve the desired, known or new, colour and tonal value, as requested by the client. With the dispenser’s software, the hairdresser can create interlinked databases of applications and mixtures and ensure rational management of the substances used. The modern design, compact structure, and automated operation decide on the innovativeness of the dispenser. The article discusses the genesis of the project, the functional and technical assumptions of the innovative device, as well as the design and development of the prototype and performance of functional tests, paying particular attention to the presentation and description of the following: (1) the original structural solutions; (2) the operation of functional modules that are responsible for positioning and identifying dye tubes, dispensing dyes in precisely defined amounts, monitoring the composition of the colour formula, and ensuring optimum dye use; and (3) the user interface. The structure of the device was developed by joining metal structural elements produced with the use of technologies typical for machine construction with commercial components (drives and controllers) and components produced with the use of additive manufacturing technologies responsible for the complete integration and design of the device. The original structural solution of the device is protected by intellectual property rights under patent applications.
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