The contamination of animal feed with mycotoxins is a threat to the safety of feed and represents a worldwide problem for livestock breeding. One of the most effective ways of protecting animals from mycotoxicosis is the use of feed additives with adsorption properties. The research was conducted on the basis of the laboratory of control of feed supplements and premixes of the State Scientific-Research Control Institute of Veterinary Preparations and Feed Additives. In order to carry out researches, a feed additive «Liatoksyl» produced by Ltd. «Sanfort-P» was used. Feed additive «Liatoksyl» is a powder of gray color with a specific odor. The composition of the feed supplement includes zeolite, bentonite, silicon oxide, fumaric acid, citric acid, and succinic acid. Feed supplement «Liatoksyl» belongs to the category of technological additives. The study of the effectiveness of the use of the feed additive Lyatoxil in relation to the ability to inhibit or reduce the absorption of mycotoxins, promote their elimination. Established, the studied feed additive possesses pronounced adsorption properties in relation to T2-toxin and fumonisins. The feed additive in acidic environment (pH 2) adsorbed 185 μg/l of fumonisin from 200 μg/l, which is 92.5%. After incubation in a weakly alkaline environment, the concentration of fumonisin in the supernatant was 3 μg / L. The adsorption activity of the feed supplement with respect to the T2 toxin was lower compared to fumonisins. Thus, in acidic environment (pH 2) adsorption was 179 μg/l of T2-toxin from the introduced 200 μg/l, which is 89.5%.The practical efficiency of the feed supplement when mixed with toxin T2 and fumonisin was mixed, but substantially lower than in screening studies. The practical efficiency of the dietary supplement «Liatoksil» in the screening study for fumonisin was 90.5%, in relation to the T2 toxin – 86.5%. This is evidently due to the fact that the fodder mixtures contain mono- and disaccharides, fatty acids, triglycerides, inorganic salts, etc., which to a certain extent react with the feed additive, reducing its effectiveness against mycotoxin. The practical efficiency of the fodder additive «Liatoksil» when applied to the feed in different doses relative to fumonisin was 70.7–74.1%, in relation to the toxin T2O – 36.1–40.5% The greatest effect was achieved when adding the feed additive «Liatoksil» to the feed in doses of 2–5 g/kg.
The article presents a literature review on the need to balance feed on L-arginine content, its characteristics, ways to supplement the diet of animals and poultry, as well as modern methods for quantitative determination of L-arginine in food, pharmaceuticals, etc. In the section «Materials and methods» the characteristic of the developed test technique, parameters of carrying out research, calibration characteristics with application of a standard sample of L-arginine and carrying out tests of amino acid content in a feed additive by means of system of capillary electrophoresis «Kapel-105M» are given. A description of the validation characteristics performed in the process of validation of the method is given. As a result of the conducted researches the technique of definition of the content of L-arginine in feed additives by means of a method of capillary electrophoresis is developed. The test procedure is based on the dissolution of the feed additive sample, further separation and quantification of the free form of L-arginine, its identification by individual absorption at a wavelength of 200 nm, temperature in the working capillary 30 ºC, voltage 25 kV and conductive electrolyte. The results of validation of this technique by the following characteristics are presented: repeatability, reproducibility, trueness, linearity, limit of quantification, budget uncertainty. The values of trueness, repeatability, reproducibility and uncertainty of the method (with a confidence level of (P) 0.95) does not exceed 5.0 %, the hypothesis of Linearity is acceptable, calculated on the basis of standard deviation (SD) limit of quantification for determining the content of arginine are satisfactory. The results allow us to conclude that the method of capillary electrophoresis using the device «Kapel-105M» is quite accurate and reliable in the case of studies of feed additives L-arginine with a content of the main substance of at least 98,0 %.
The study of the effectiveness of the application of the technological feed additive Hepasorbex from the functional group of substance in order to reduce the contamination of feed with mycotoxins in laboratory conditions has been carried out. The aim of the work was to establish in vitro the effectiveness of the use of the feed supplements Hepasorbex by confirming its ability to inhibit or reduce the absorption of mycotoxin aflatoxin B 1 . The effectiveness of the specific action of the feed additive was determined quantitatively at different pH values simulating changes in the acidity of environment in the digestive tract of animals. The study was conducted in two stages: screening -using the solution of mycotoxin and the main -using a forage containing mycotoxin. The feed supplement Hepasorbex was introduced into a buffer solution containing Aflatoxin B 1 in an amount of 200 μg/ml at the screening stage. The investigated feed supplement Hepasorbex was introduced into samples of compound feed containing Aflatoxin B 1 at a rate of 1, 2, 5 g/kg and carefully homogenized samples in the main experiment. The determination of adsorption (in acidic medium) and desorption (in alkaline medium) was carried out. The criterion for evaluating the effectiveness was the practical efficiency, which was calculated by establishing the difference between the amount of mycotoxin introduced in the buffer solution or the amount of mycotoxin found in feed and the amount of adsorbed mycotoxin after incubation in the acidic environment, taking into account the size of the desorption after incubation in alkaline environment. It was established that in the screening studies, the practical factor of the beneficial effect of the feed supplement on Aflatoxin B1 was 89.5%. It was found in the main study that the practical benefit factor of the feed supplement, depending on the dose, was 75.0-84.4%. The obtained results confirm that the investigated feed additive possesses clear adsorption properties in relation to aflatoxin B 1 .
Проведено вивчення ефективності застосування технологічної кормової добавки Гепасорбекс із функціональної групи речовини для зменшення забруднення кормів мікотоксинами в лабораторних умовах. Метою роботи було встановлення in vitro ефективності застосування кормової добавки Гепасорбекс шляхом підтвердження її здатності стримувати або знижувати поглинання мікотоксинів (фумонізинів та Т2 токсину). Ефективність специфічної дії кормової добавки визначали кількісно при різних значеннях рН, що імітують зміну кислотності середовища в травному каналі тварин. Дослідження проведено у два етапи: скринінговий – з використанням розчину мікотоксину та основний – з використанням кормової суміші, який містив мікотоксини. На скринінговому етапі кормову добавку Гепасорбекс вносили у буферні розчини, які містили відповідно фумонізини та Т2-токсин у кількості 200 мкг/г. В основному досліді досліджувану кормову добавку Гепасорбекс вносили у пробу кормової суміші з розрахунку 1, 2, 5 г/кг і ретельно гомогенізували пробу. Проведено визначення величини адсорбції (в кислому середовищі) та величину десорбції (в лужному середовищі). Критерієм оцінки ефективності був практичний коефіцієнт корисної дії, який обраховувався шляхом встановлення різниці між кількістю внесеного мікотоксину та кількістю адсорбованого мікотоксину після інкубації у кислому середовищі з врахуванням величини десорбції після інкубації у лужному середовищі. Встановлено, що при скринінгових дослідженнях практичний коефіцієнт корисної дії кормової добавки стосовно фумонізинів становив 78,0 %, стосовно Т2 токсину - 70,5 %. В основному досліді виявлено, що практичний коефіцієнт корисної дії кормової добавки в залежності від дози становив стосовно фумонізинів 69,1 – 72,3 %, стосовно Т2 токсину - 38,2 - 41,6 %. Отримані результати підтверджують те, що досліджувана кормова добавка володіє вираженими адсорбційними властивостями стосовно фумонізинів та Т2-токсину.
The article considers the specifics and classification of innovations in the system of agro-ecological management of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine. Priority directions of development of ecologically oriented innovation projects based on development and improvement of management system and production and technological processes are offered. Methodical developments of introduction of innovation-investment projects of research institutes and recommendations of educational institutions are presented. It is substantiated that the mechanism of intensification of innovations in the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine is a complex process - from research and development, experimental verification of scientific results to introduction into production and evaluation of innovation efficiency taking into account financial, economic, ecological and social spheres. Based on the conducted scientific and methodological work, it was concluded that the growth of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine can be achieved through the production of competitive products with high added value in compliance with environmental standards in the implementation of innovation - investment projects taking into account the experience of economically developed countries.
The article highlights the need of the control of the quality of grain raw materials, because the increasing of the competitiveness of the grain industry is one of the leading in the national agrarian economy of Ukraine and largely its determines the place in the global agrarian market. In competition, only those enterprises retain and improve their position in the market, which consistently work to support and improve the quality of the products according to the important indicators for consumers. The main indicators of the grain quality are: protein content, and also humidity, smell, impurities, crude fat, ash content, etc. Todays, domestic enterprises introduce into the manufacturing the unique scientific and technical developments, which allow quickly and qualitatively conduct the research of raw materials and finished products. However, sometimes when controlling grain raw materials on such enterprises where the modern (spectrometric) research methods are used, some physico-chemical parameters do not coincide with the normative (arbitration) research methods. Therefore, in a comparative aspect were investigated samples of soybean, corn, barley and rapeseed by some qualitative indicators, such as humidity, crude protein and fat. By comparing two methods, it was found out that in the soybean and corn samples, both the arbitrage and the spectrometric methods were almost identical. In some rapeseed and barley samples, the difference between the same samples was small and was not more than 4.8 %. In determining the crude protein in the same samples in soybeans, the difference was from 0.9 to 5.1 %, corn grains – 2.6–5.6 %, barley grains – 0.9 to 5.8 %, rapeseed – 1.4–9.8 %. In determining the fat content of identical samples in soybeans, the difference was small and ranged from 3.8–6.2 %, corn grains 2.6–4.8 %, barley grains – 4.2–6.4 %, seeds rapeseed – 7.1–11.6 %. In the conducted interlaboratory researchers, in determining moisture, crude protein and fat in grain and oil raw materials, by both arbitration and spectrometric methods it was found out, that the results of the studies were within the statistically probable error, which indicate on the high efficiency the last one. In addition, the values of qualitative indicators of the researches samples responses the requirements of regulatory documents.
The results of the development of the method for determining the mass fraction of silicium in powder samples of feed additives by the titrimetric method are presented in the article. The implementation and validation of the method was carried out with the use of feed additive of mixed type "Mikasil" produced by LLC «Globus», Ukraine. The procedure was reproduced ten times with the determination of the mass fraction of siliciumin two parallel samples. The method is based on the precipitation of silicic acid in the form of silicium-fluoride of potassium, followed by hydrolysis with hot water in the presence of chlorous calcium. The isolated hydro-chloric acid in an amount equivalent to the content of hydro-fluoric acid is titrating with alkali solution in the presence of an indicator. The results of the studies showed that the specified method for determining the mass fraction of silicium meets the standards of accuracy control for this method, namely the standard quadratic deviation (σ) is 0.52, when norm up to 0.7, when determined in two parallel samples. The results obtained indicate that the titrimetric method for determining the mass fraction of silicium in powder samples of feed additives is accurate, reliable, reproducible and economically available.
A study of the safety of the use of feed additive Liaform for the target species – broiler chickens. Liaform is a yellowish liquid with a specific odor. The feed additive contains lactic acid, formic acid, sodium formate, propionic acid and water. Given the composition of the additive, it can be attributed to two functional groups: preservatives – substances or microorganisms that protect feed from damage by microorganisms or their metabolites, acidity regulators – substances that regulate the pH of feed. For the study was formed on the principle of analogues of 3 groups of broiler chickens of 15 heads (control and 2 experimental) from 8 days of age. Feeding of chickens of the control group was carried out by standard complete feed. Feeding of chickens of the first experimental group was carried out with standard complete feed, in which the feed additive Liaform was added at the rate of 2 g / kg, feeding of chickens of the second experimental group was carried out with standard complete feed, in which feed additive Liaform was applied in 10 times the recommended dose of 20 g/kg. During the experiment, the general condition of the bird, the safety of the bird, zootechnical and hematological parameters were monitored. It was found that the studied feed additive in 10 times the recommended dose does not have a negative impact on productivity, growth and development of broiler chickens, feed absorption. As a result of the use of Liaform feed additive in 10 times the recommended dose, the live weight of broiler chickens in the experimental group was higher compared to the control and lower compared to the recommended dose. The use of a feed additive in 10 times the dose did not have a negative effect on hematological parameters and serum protein levels, did not cause a negative effect on the condition of internal organs.
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