One of the main reasons that significantly affect the functional state of the organism, animal and human health, scientists and practitioners consider the environmental state of the environment. This is primarily due to the content of toxicants, in particular heavy metals in feed grown in areas of man-made pollution, the feeding of which leads to impaired metabolism in the animal body. Certain heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, As, etc.) are highly toxic and can affect the body even in very small quantities. Therefore, monitoring the toxic elements in the soil-plant-feed-animal-production-human-chain trophic chain is considered a priority area in research, under conditions of man-made loading. The works of a number of leading scientists, in particular R. Y. Kravtsiv, O. I. Razputny, I. V. Kalinin, Yu. I. Savchenko, R. Fedoruk, indicate that the ability to the accumulation of toxic elements by organisms is determined not only by the geochemistry of the environment, but also by their biological nature and the biogeochemical chain through which the connection between organisms and the environment (soil-plant-animal-human). Unfavorable ecological situation in some regions is caused by violation of requirements for chemical fertilizers, plant treatment with pesticides (herbicides, pesticides, etc.), which is especially characteristic nowadays, when large agro-industrial structures (holdings, concerns, etc.) for the cultivation of intensive crops. The mentioned reasons include animal and poultry growth promoters, certain groups of medicines, uncontrolled industrial emissions, man-made accidents, pollution of the environment by motor vehicle emissions, etc. As a result, the compounds of Plumbum, Cadmium, Hydrargyrum, Strontium and other heavy metals also enter the atmosphere. And what is characteristic (according to literature sources) is that some of them, together with atmospheric moisture, form even more toxic compounds, which in the form of rain fall on farmland and ponds, from where they enter plants and organisms of animals and food, in particular milk and meat. That is why it is necessary to carry out physiological and environmental monitoring, respectively, and control of the migration of harmful elements in the environment, in particular, their receipt and concentration in soils, plants of food groups, feeds, animals and food. In view of this, it is especially important to improve the diets of animals fed under conditions of techno-genic loading using sorbents and their biologically active additives. Such adsorbents R. Y. Kravtsіv and coauthors, O. O. Kalinin include zeolites that have adsorbing, ion exchange, catalytic and other properties, although their use should be carried out taking into account agro-environmental conditions, as well as the forms and properties of xenobiotics, which requires research with scientific and practical substantiation.
Risk is the possibility of a negative discrepancy and the likely scale of its consequences over a period of time. Giving producers of products for veterinary medicine and animal husbandry (such as veterinary drugs, protective equipment, feed, feed additives, etc.) responsibility for the production of quality products obliges them to clearly and systematically control all hazards that may occur in the production. The essence of effective product quality control is to ensure that measures to produce quality products are adequate and meet the task - not to harm animals and birds, provided the correct way of their use, as well as people. Accordingly, all production processes must be clearly regulated and periodically reviewed in the light of experience and the situation on the product market. Systematic control of the stability of production for veterinary medicine and animal husbandry according to the parameters defined in the quality specification is justified. It should be borne in mind that the activities of enterprises may be influenced by factors that hinder the implementation of the goals. G. Verbytska (2004) notes that the existing theory of both quantitative and qualitative risk assessment requires relevant information, although the information market on these issues is still underdeveloped. Therefore, the target methods of quantitative risk analysis are not developed, and the existing ones are not universal. Therefore, there is a need to combine methods, or their individual elements. Analysis of dangerous factors is always specific to each process and production as a whole, so it cannot be "borrowed" from another manufacturer, even if it produces similar products. The experience of leading domestic and foreign veterinary companies shows that the analysis of dangerous facts (risks) consists of a series of consistent, logically interrelated actions. The risk factors of the manufacturer should be considered as those under the direct influence of management. Therefore, their identification, analysis results, development of measures to minimize risks are considered one of the priority tasks of enterprise management, which is carried out by its management. Analysis of the activities of a number of enterprises, in particular the results of monitoring and selective control of product quality, confirms that there is a significant level of risk for veterinary enterprises. Their timely assessment and prompt application of appropriate measures can neutralize the identified risks, or eliminate the possibility of their occurrence Chornyi (2017). Inability or untimely assessment of risks excludes the possibility of their control. Therefore, the study of industrial and technological risks are relevant, and their timely detection warns of various threats and economic security of enterprises. Risk assessment of veterinary enterprises in modern conditions is unresolved, not specified in the methodological support of their assessment, which determines the importance of such studies.
In recent decades, due to various circumstances, in Ukraine and around the world, insufficient attention is paid to preserving the ecological well-being of the environment. Man-caused load on the environment, including contamination of agricultural land with various xenobiotics, in particular heavy metals, in some regions exceeds acceptable levels. Their toxicity is realized slowly and is manifested by immunodeficiency of animals, and can also cause mutagenic, teratogenic and embryotoxic effects. This is observed not only as a result of the Chernobyl tragedy, but also the growing, unregulated use of mineral fertilizers, plant protection products, virtually no disposal of waste of various origins, as well as emissions from industrial, chemical and mining enterprises, vehicles, which poses a growing threat to health. animals and humans. Numerous researchers (in particular Kravtsiv, 2005, Fedoruk & Humenyuk, 1999, Pylypiv & Fedoruk, 2000, Rivis et al., 1995, Velychko, 2007) point out that a significant part of this belongs to the anthropogenic entry of heavy metals into the biosphere. Given the wide range of biological and toxic effects of xenobiotics in general, and heavy metals in particular, it should be noted that they cause not only problems in animal welfare, but also negatively affect the quality of products made from animals kept and raised in man-made contaminated areas. And hence the health of people, maintaining their ability to work, which is a national priority. It should be borne in mind that the ability to accumulate chemical, toxic elements by organisms is determined not only by the geochemistry of the environment, but also by the biological nature and biochemical chain through which organisms and the environment (soil-plant-animal- human). Therefore, it is especially important for animal husbandry to improve the feeding rations of animals kept under man-made load with the use of safe sorbents and biologically active additives, which will contribute to obtaining quality raw materials and quality food, including dairy and meat. This confirms that a particularly important task of science, including biological and veterinary in the field of environmental physiology is a comprehensive study of the harmful effects of anthropogenic and man-made factors on environmental objects, especially farm animals, which provide raw materials to the processing industry and human food. Particular attention needs to be paid to the development of effective measures to reduce the negative man-made pressure on bio-cenosis, including on productive animals kept in conditions of ecological, technogenic risk, optimization of physiological and technological parameters of their existence with application in feeding, effective, payback, correcting feed additives and biologically active substances that, undoubtedly, will promote improvement of quality and safety of production, which is used in human nutrition.
The article considers the specifics and classification of innovations in the system of agro-ecological management of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine. Priority directions of development of ecologically oriented innovation projects based on development and improvement of management system and production and technological processes are offered. Methodical developments of introduction of innovation-investment projects of research institutes and recommendations of educational institutions are presented. It is substantiated that the mechanism of intensification of innovations in the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine is a complex process - from research and development, experimental verification of scientific results to introduction into production and evaluation of innovation efficiency taking into account financial, economic, ecological and social spheres. Based on the conducted scientific and methodological work, it was concluded that the growth of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine can be achieved through the production of competitive products with high added value in compliance with environmental standards in the implementation of innovation - investment projects taking into account the experience of economically developed countries.
An important condition for the competitiveness of products for veterinary medicine and animal husbandry is the introduction of enterprises that produce and supply products, quality management systems, in accordance with the requirements of both national and international standards. Without this, it is almost impossible to be a full-fledged "player" in the domestic and international markets for products for veterinary medicine and animal husbandry. Ukraine's membership in the World Trade Organization and active implementation of measures related to membership in the European Union intensify this work. Today there is enough experience gained not only in foreign companies, but also in leading domestic veterinary enterprises, the norm of which is strict compliance with product quality standards, in particular ISO 9001. Analysis of veterinary enterprises shows that ensuring quality and competitiveness of products is one of the most difficult problems. at the same time the most important. The available information shows that every year the need to be certified according to the standards governing the requirements of quality management systems and aimed at ensuring the efficient use of available resources, fuller use of staff and their involvement in all processes of production improvement and control. product quality, ensuring effective cooperation with consumers, suppliers and distributors. Certification of compliance with quality standards, among the necessary issues for improving production, allows you to see its weaknesses, which allows management and professionals to implement specific measures to improve the relevant activities. Certified quality management system significantly increases consumer confidence in the company, respectively, distinguishes it from competitors in quality and product range. It is the ISO 9001: 2015 standard and is one of the regulatory documents on the effectiveness of enterprise management and ensuring the effectiveness of its activities. The experience of leading foreign and domestic firms (enterprises) confirms that the certificate of quality management system in accordance with the national standard DSTU ISO 9001:2015, or its international ISO 9001:2015 - is a document that confirms that the quality management system implemented at the enterprise operates successfully. Trachenko L. A. confirms (Trachenko, 2018): “In a market economy, enterprises of any field of activity are under the constant influence of the competitive environment, which requires them to focus more on quality issues. In view of this, the management of many companies is faced with the need to improve quality management as a means of achieving competitiveness, gaining confidence in products and services from consumers. The implementation of quality management systems (QMS), which permeate not only the processes of production, provision of services, but also all areas of activity of enterprises, helps to implement this most effectively”. The use of ISO standards increases the efficiency of enterprises in development, production and supply of products, allows you to objectively see and evaluate not only their place in the product market, but also to focus on solving the necessary specific, promising areas of enterprise development.
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