Цель работы: оценить терапевтическую эффективность препарата Аква Марис ® Эктоин в качестве «барьерного средства» при терапии больных АИР.Пациенты и методы. Обследование проводили с 17 апреля по 24 мая 2015 г. в Московском регионе. Под наблюдением находилось 36 пациентов в возрасте от 20 до 45 лет с АИР. Согласно общепринятым стандартам диагностики обследование включало: данные анамнеза, анкетирования, кожных проб с основным набором ингаляционных аллергенов, определение специфических IgE-антител в сыворотке крови к пыльцевым аллергенам, цитологический анализ назального секрета, оториноларингологический осмотр с регистрацией топических симптомов.Используемый в работе спрей для носа Аква Марис ® Эктоин -натуральный продукт, содержит комбинацию эктоина и изотонического раствора морской соли. Пациентам назначали препарат Аква Марис ® Эктоин по следующей схеме: по 1-2 впрыскивания в каждую половину носа 3-4 раза в день. При необходимости препарат разрешалось использовать так часто, как это было необходимо.Результаты. Все пациенты были распределены на три группы: -1-я группа -пациенты, у которых применение препарата Аква Марис ® Эктоин приводило к снижению симптомов (20 из 34 пациентов -59%); -2-я группа -пациенты, у которых состояние ухудшилось (6 из 34 пациентов -18%); -3-я группа -пациенты, у которых выраженность клинических симптомов АИР не изменилась (8 из 34 пациентов -23%).Таким образом, пациентов, у которых применение препарата Аква Марис ® Эктоин приводило к снижению симптомов, было в 2,6 и 3,3 раза больше, чем пациентов, у которых выраженность клинических симптомов АИР не изменилась или у которых состояние ухудшилось.Наибольшее количество пациентов отмечало улучшение состояния по следующим симптомам: воспаление конъюнктивы и век, слезотечение, зуд в носу, стекание отделяемого по задней стенке глотки, нарушение обоняния на фоне снижения концентрации эозинофилов в назальном секрете.Заключение. Таким образом, использование монотерапии препаратом Аква Марис ® Эктоин на ранних этапах развития аллергического сезонного воспаления в верхних дыхательных путях позволяет существенно снизить антигенную нагрузку на слизистую оболочку полости носа сенсибилизированного организма. В этой связи включение препарата Аква Марис ® Эктоин в стандарт лечения аллергического ринита в качестве «барьерного средства» представляется актуальным.Ключевые слова: аллергический ринит, пыльца, барьерная терапия. Библиография: 14 источников.The objective of the work: to assess therapeutic efficacy on the preparation Aqua Maris ® Ectoin as a "barrier solution" for patients with AIR.

Beta-glucans, homopolysaccharides composed of 3,6-branching β-(1→3)-D-glucan chains, attract great interest as inducers of cytokine synthesis. In this work, we studied the ability of linear fragments of beta-glucan chains to activate cytokine synthesis. Synthetic nona-β-(1→3)-D-glucoside (SO) representing a linear fragment of beta-glucan chain, endotoxin (ED), and natural β-(1→3)-D-glucan (GL) were tested for their role as inducers of cytokines in whole peripheral blood cultures collected from 17 individuals. The concentrations of IL-12p70, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10, IL-8, IL-6, IL-4, IL-5, IL-1β, TNF-α, and TNF-β were measured in the supernatants after 2, 24, and 48 h of cell culturing. SO, ED, and GL stimulated production of pro-inflammatory IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and anti-inflammatory IL-10. The highest levels of biosynthesis after stimulation with SO were registered for IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. SO stimulated production of all cytokines (except IFN-γ) to a lesser extent than ED and GL. The IFN-γ/IL-10 (Th1/Th2) ratios after 24 and 48 h of culturing were 3.1 and 7.5 for SO; 0.03 and 0.1 for GL; and 0.06 and 0.2 for ED, respectively. The results indicate that linear fragments of beta-glucans cause a more pronounced shift of immune response towards the pro-inflammatory (Th1) type than beta-glucan itself.

The present study revealed that 73% of surveyed apartments in Moscow whose residents included children with the atopic form of bronchial asthma and sensitization to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergens were infested with the pyroglyphid mites D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae. The number of mites in the surveyed apartments varied between 0 and 154 mites/g of dust for D. pteronyssinus and between 0 and 162 mites/g of dust for D. farinae. The levels of mite allergens in these apartments ranged from 0.5 to 165.8 micrograms/g for Der p I and from 0.3 to 91.3 micrograms/g of dust for Der f I. The Der p I allergen was found to predominate, and its concentration in one-third of the apartments was more than 10-fold greater than that of Der f I. Correlation between the number of pyroglyphid mites and the concentration of group I allergens was established for both D. pteronyssinus (r = 0.4932; P < 0.01) and D. farinae (r = 0.6748; P < 0.01). In most of the apartments, high and moderate levels of Der I allergens were detected.

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Resistance of 14 yeast species belonging to different ecological groups to extensive storage in a dried state was investigated. Pedobiotic yeasts isolated mainly from the soils of humid areas (Cryptococcus podzolicus, Cr. terricola, and Lipomyces starkeyi) were the least resistant. The yeasts associated with the nectar of entomophilous plants (Metschnikowia reukaufii and Candida bombi) also exhibited low resistance to dry ing. Complete death of these species occurred during the first month of storage. Eurybiotic species from var ious environments (Cryptococcus magnus, Cryptococcus victoriae, Debaryomyces hansenii, and Cryptococcus wieringae) were somewhat more resistant. Pigmented plant associated yeasts (Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Sporobolomyces roseus), as well as the pathogenic or opportunistic Candida strains (C. albicans and C. parap silosis), were the most resistant to drying. Thus, occurrence of yeasts in natural habitats is closely associated with their ability to survive prolonged drying.

Aim: to assess the effect of "Perfectoin" cream containing 7% ectoin on clinical symptoms of atopic dermatitis (AD) as well as taxonomic diversity and count of skin colonizers in AD patients. Patients and Methods: this study was performed in August-November 2019 in Moscow. 30 patients with AD aged 16-45 years were enrolled. Patients were examined by allergist before and after 1-week treatment with "Perfectoin" cream (general examination, sampling the skin microbiome). The severity of skin lesions was graded using the EASI (Eczema Area and Severity Index) scoring system. MALDI-Tof mass spectrometry was applied to identify species and to count skin microbiome. Results: in AD patients, skin microbiome is characterized by taxonomic diversity being represented by microorganisms with various ecological characteristics. "Perfectoin" has different effects on them. All microorganisms were divided into three groups based on this effect. In group 1, microbial count has reduced (31 out of 53 species, 59%). In group 2, microbial count has increased (16 out of 53 species, 30%). In group 3, microbial count has not changed (6 out of 53 species, 11%). "Perfectoin" has improved skin redness, intensity of skin inflammation (skin thickening, papules/edema), and scratching. As a result, the scores of the severity and intensity of local inflammation have reduced. Conclusion: the effect of "Perfectoin" on skin microbiome in AD patients is different. The count of almost 60% of microbial species has significantly reduced after 1-week treatment. The count of other microorganisms (about 40%) has not changed or increased. These microorganisms are probably not involved in AD pathogenesis or have a positive impact on AD course (S. hominis, S. epidermidis), e.g., by controlling S. aureus count.