OBJECTIVES:To study the effect of short‐chain fatty‐acids on atrophy and inflammation of excluded colonic segments before and after the development of diversion colitis.INTRODUCTION:Diversion colitis is a chronic inflammatory process affecting the dysfunctional colon, possibly evolving with mucous and blood discharge. The most favored hypotheses to explain its development is short‐chain fatty‐acid deficiency in the colon lumen.METHODS:Wistar rats were submitted to colostomy with distal colon exclusion. Two control groups (A1 and B1) received rectally administered physiological saline, whereas two experimental groups (A2 and B2) received rectally administered short‐chain fatty‐acids. The A groups were prophylactically treated (5th to 40th days postoperatively), whereas the B groups were therapeutically treated (after post‐operative day 40). The mucosal thickness of the excluded colon was measured histologically. The inflammatory reaction of the mucosal lamina propria and the lymphoid tissue response were quantified through established scores.RESULTS:There was a significant thickness recovery of the colonic mucosa in group B2 animals (p  =  0.0001), which also exhibited a significant reduction in the number of eosinophilic polymorphonuclear cells in the lamina propria (p  =  0.0126) and in the intestinal lumen (p  =  0.0256). Group A2 showed no mucosal thickness recovery and significant increases in the numbers of lymphocytes (p  =  0.0006) and eosinophilic polymorphonuclear cells in the lamina propria of the mucosa (p  =  0.0022).CONCLUSION:Therapeutic use of short‐chain fatty‐acids significantly reduced eosinophilic polymorphonuclear cell numbers in the intestinal wall and in the colonic lumen; it also reversed the atrophy of the colonic mucosa. Prophylactic use did not impede the development of mucosal atrophy.

PURPOSE:To evaluate wound healing in rats by using low-level laser therapy (LLLT) associated with hydrocolloid occlusive dressing. METHODS:Forty male, adult, Wistar rats were used, distributed into four groups: LG (received 2 J/cm² of laser therapy); HG (treated with hydrocolloid); LHG (treated with 2 J/cm² of laser therapy and hydrocolloid); and the CG (treated with 1 mL of 0.9% saline).The wound was evaluated at pre-determined periods 3rd and 7th days, considering the macroscopic and histological parameters (inflammatory cells, capillary neoformation, fibroblasts, collagen formation and reepithelialization). RESULTS:The LG group at seven days showed increased collagen formation, the LHG group at 3 days showed mild collagen formation. The HG group and the CG at 7 days showed complete reepithelialization. CONCLUSION:Low-level laser therapy as well as the hydrocolloid dressing have favored the wound-healing process in rats.

RESUMO -Schwannomas intracranianos não associados a nervos cranianos são incomuns e raramente encontrados na região subfrontal. Apresentamos raro caso de schwannoma da goteira olfatória, acometendo paciente de 27 anos, masculino, com quadro iniciado há 1 ano com perda da olfação e cefaléia. Ao exame de admissão, apresentava papiledema bilateral e anosmia. Tomografia computadorizada de Cranio (TC) revelou processo expansivo bifrontal hipodenso ao parênquima, com aspecto multicístico, sem captação do contraste iodado, promovendo compressão dos cornos ventriculares frontais. Os achados radiológicos sugeriam meningeoma cístico da goteira olfatória. Foi submetido a craniotomia frontal para descompressão. Um mês após, TC de controle revelou processo expansivo da região da goteira olfatória homogeneamente captante do contraste iodado, que se estendia para o interior da cavidade nasal esquerda. RM não adicionou novas informações. Foi realizado segundo procedimento cirúrgico por via naso-etmoidal, com ressecção incompleta da lesão. A ressecção completa foi possível através de re-operação por craniotomia bifrontobasal. O diagnóstico histopatológico de schwannoma foi realizado através de microscopia óptica convencional e confirmado por técnica de imuno-histoquímica, utilizando o anticorpo para proteína S-100. A raridade deste tumor, seus aspectos clínicos, radiológicos e histológicos justificam esta publicação. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: anosmia, schwannoma; nervo olfatório, imuno-histoquímica.Olfactory groove schwannoma: case report Olfactory groove schwannoma: case report Olfactory groove schwannoma: case report Olfactory groove schwannoma: case report Olfactory groove schwannoma: case report ABSTRACT -Intracranial schwannoma not related to cranial nerves are unusual and rarely found in the subfrontal region. We report a case of olfactory groove schwannoma in a 27-year-old male, who presented with anosmia and headache initiated one year ago. At admission, bilateral papilledema was noted with absense of motor deficits or cranial nerves abnormalities. Cranial computed tomography (CT) revealed a bifrontal multicystic isodense enhancing mass lesion causing a frontal ventricular horn compression. Radiological features resembled that of a cystic olfactory groove meningioma. Decompressive bifrontal craniotomy was done. One month later, CT demonstrated a homogeneously contrast-enhancing mass in the olfactory groove region who extended into the left nasal cavity. Magnetic resonance imaging did not add more informations. A second surgical procedure was done through a nasoethmoidal approach with incomplete resection of the lesion. The complete tumor resection was only possible in a third surgery through another bifrontal approach. The hystopathological diagnosis of schwannoma was performed by conventional methods and confirmed by immunohistoquemical staining for S-100 protein. The rarity of this tumor and his clinical, radiological and histological aspects justify this publication.

No abstract

Background: Peptic ulcer is considered a public health problem associated with loss of quality of life. Does not exist optimal therapeutic regimen. The search for alternative treatments using foods or plants that may assist in gastric protection may become marked in this population because of their easy access and low cost. Aim: To study the antiulcerogenic activity of extracts of Orbignya phalerata (babaçu) and Euterpe edules (juçara) in Wistar rats after induction of peptic ulcer, compared with Omeprazole. Method: Forty Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: group I, II, III, IV (10 rats each) subjected to extract of Orbignya phalerata, Euterpe edules, Omeprazole and ethanol, respectively. Each group of 10 rats was divided into subgroups of five for prophylaxis and therapeutic study. Results: The pre-treatment with juçara extract has provided a significant protection against peptic ulcer induced by ethanol. In the prophylactic subgroup, Omeprazole resulted in protection. In addition to protection against peptic ulcer, inflammation and neocapillarization were also variables with a statistical significance in the prophylaxis subgroups using omeprazole and juçara. In the therapeutic subgroup, omeprazole, juçara and babaçu were statistically different as for protection against the presence of inflammation and the healing of ulcers. Conclusion: The extracts of juçara and babaçu behaved as the omeprazole, evidencing the therapeutic activity of these extracts.

Background Although penile cancer (PC) is uncommon in developed countries, it is widespread in developing countries. The state of Maranhão (Northeast, Brazil) has the highest global incidence recorded for PC, and, despite its socioeconomic vulnerability, it has been attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This study aimed to determine the histopathological features, the prevalence of HPV infection, and the immunohistochemical profile of PC in Maranhão. Methods A retrospective cohort of 200 PC cases were evaluated. HPV detection was performed using nested-PCR followed by direct sequencing for genotyping. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed using monoclonal antibodies anti-p16INK4a, p53, and ki-67. Results Our data revealed a delay of 17 months in diagnosis, a high rate of penile amputation (96.5%), and HPV infection (80.5%) in patients from Maranhão (Molecular detection). We demonstrated the high rate of HPV in PC also by histopathological and IHC analysis. Most patients presented koilocytosis (75.5%), which was associated with those reporting more than 10 different sexual partners during their lifetime (p = 0.001). IHC revealed frequent p16INK4a overexpression (26.0%) associated with basaloid (p < 0.001) and high-grade tumors (p = 0.008). Interestingly, p16 appears not to be a better prognostic factor in our disease-free survival analysis, as previously reported. We also demonstrated high ki-67 and p53 expression in a subset of cases, which was related to worse prognostic factors such as high-grade tumors, angiolymphatic and perineural invasion, and lymph node metastasis. We found a significant impact of high ki-67 (p = 0.002, log-rank) and p53 (p = 0.032, log-rank) expression on decreasing patients’ survival, as well as grade, pT, stage, pattern, and depth of invasion (p < 0.05, log-rank). Conclusions Our data reaffirmed the high incidence of HPV infection in PC cases from Maranhão and offer new insights into potential factors that may contribute to the high PC incidence in the region. We highlighted the possible association of HPV with worse clinical prognosis factors, differently from what was observed in other regions. Furthermore, our IHC analysis reinforces p16, ki-67, and p53 expression as important diagnosis and/or prognosis biomarkers, potentially used in the clinical setting in emerging countries such as Brazil.

; Cecília Amélia Fazzio Escanhoela (5)O sarcoma embrionário (indiferenciado) é uma neoplasia mesenquimal maligna incomum e primária do fígado, que acomete principalmente crianças na faixa etária entre 6 e 10 anos de idade. Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso dessa neoplasia, enfatizando os aspectos clínicos e anatomopatológicos, bem como revisar a literatura sobre o tema. abstract resumo Embryonal (undifferentiated) sarcoma is a primitive and unusual malignant neoplasm of the liver that occurs mainly in children between 6 and 10 years of age. The aim of this case report is to describe one case of this neoplasm, emphasizing clinical and anatomopathological findings as well as review the literature about the theme.

Penile leiomyosarcoma isz an extremely uncommon entity that rarely occurs in the glans. Due to the limited number of cases described in literature, guidelines regarding non-surgical treatment, prognosis, and management remain equivocal. Among the mesenchymal tumors of the penis, leiomyosarcoma has the highest propensity for recurrence. It originates in the smooth muscle cells from two distinct locations: superficial and deep. The deep subtype is the most aggressive and has the highest potential for metastasis. Surgical treatment should be implemented early and must be locally aggressive. Herein, we present a rare case of a 54-year-old patient with deep localized leiomyosarcoma of the glans, albeit with superficial characteristics. A review of the main histopathological, clinical, immunohistochemical, and therapeutic aspects of this unusual entity is presented.