Hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy is the one of the most common medical problem of pregnancy. Worldwide, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy causes complication in about 10-16% of pregnancies. High blood pressure in pregnant women is related with incidence of large placental infarct and decreased placental growth resulting in intra uterine fetal growth restriction and intrauterine death. Hypertension in pregnancy is diagnosed when blood pressure is 140/90 mm of hg or greater with proteinuria and edema after 20 week of gestation. Plasma lipid and lipoprotein (a) undergo both qualitative and quantitative changes during pregnancy. During the course of normal pregnancy, plasma triglycerides and cholesterol concentration rises by 200-400% and 25-50% respectively. An abnormal lipid profile is known to be strongly associated with atherosclerotic changes and has direct effect on endothelial dysfunction. In preeclampsia women, thromboxane rise more than in normotensive pregnant women. Increased lipid synthesis causes increase in PGI2:TXA2 ratio and plays a role in pathogenesis of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), hence the hyperlipidemia may be an important marker of toxemia of pregnancy. Aim and Objectives: To asses and compare the serum levels of lipid and lipoprotein (a) in pregnant women with PIH and normotensive pregnant women. Materials and Methods: A study conducted on total of 100 pregnant patients (50 cases and 50 controls) selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. 3ml of venous blood was drawn to estimate the Serum Cholesterol, Serum Triglycerides, Serum HDL, Serum LDL, Serum VLDL, Serum Lipoprotein (a) levels in each subject. The data was analyzed results were expressed as Mean and standard deviation of various parameters in different group. P value < 0.05 is considered as significant. ROC curve analysis was done to assess maximum sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic efficiency Results: In our study the mean ±SD values of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, Serum Lipoprotein (a) are statistically significant higher in PIH cases whereas HDL levels are low in cases when compared to controls. Conclusion: A high lipid profile levels is observed to be associate with preeclampsia thus, serum lipid concentration and serum Lipoprotein (a) levels may provide a useful marker for screening patients at risk for developing PIH.
Background: Antidiabetic drugs are many but all of them have adverse effects ranging from simple side effects to serious side effects like hypoglycemic coma. We need alternative drugs which will not only lower blood sugar level but have fewer side effects. One such daily use ingredient in our food is Nigella sativa (kalonji) which has many properties.Methods: This was an objective study in an experimental animal. We divided albino wistar rats into six groups each group with six rats. Diabetes was induced using drug streptozotocin. Three doses of Nigella sativa 0.5 ml, 1 ml, 1.5 ml orally per rat were used. Metformin (100 mg/kg body weight) was used as standard drug. Blood sugar was estimated using glucometer on day 0 (starting day of treatment), day 5, day 10, day 20, day 40. The effect of Nigella sativa was compared with metformin group using the Anova test. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 20.Results: Nigella sativa (NS) produced significant hypoglycemic effect. NS in the dose of 0.5 ml, 1 ml and 1.5 ml produced significant reduction in blood glucose in comparison to day 0. Metformin also (100 mg/kg body weight) produced significant reduction in blood glucose on day 20 and day 40. Comparison of hypoglycemic effect of Nigella sativa is not significantly different on day 10 (1 ml) and day 20 (1.5 ml) in comparison to Metformin (100 mg/kg body weight). Histopathological examination showed that there was partial regeneration of beta islet cells of pancreas by 1.5 ml of Nigella sativa which were damaged due to streptozotocin treatment.Conclusions: Alternative method of treatment for diabetes is very much needed and the study shows the use of the spice (Nigella sativa) daily can lower the blood sugar levels and can serve as an alternative treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Background: The present study was conducted to assess the association of morphometry of the placenta and birth weight of fetus in hypertensive mothers. Subjects and Methods: The present study was conducted on 74 pregnant women with an uncomplicated pregnancy and those with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). The following morphometric parameters of each placenta were recorded: weight, volume, thickness, transverse diameter, and shape. Gestational age of mothers, sex and birth weight of newborns were recorded. Results: The majority of male babies with weight > 2500 grams had > 37 weeks of gestational age and the majority of female babies with weight >2500 grams had >37 weeks of gestational age. The mean weight of placentae in male babies was 416.7 grams, the mean surface area was 226.5 sq cm, mean volume was 372.2 ml and mean thickness were 2.04 cm. while the mean weight of placentae in female babies was 407.5 grams, the mean surface area was 220.4 sq cm, mean volume was 354.6 ml and mean thickness was 2.10 cm. Statistics show that the highest sensitivity and specificity for determining the low birth weight of babies in hypertensive mothers was seen with a surface area of the placenta which was 82.3% and 75.6% respectively. The positive predictive value for the weight of the placenta was 65.4%, for the surface area it was 67.8% and for the volume of the placenta, it was 64.2%. Conclusion: To conclude, it was found that placental morphometry like weight, surface area, volume and sex of the baby determined the birth weight efficiently in hypertensive mothers.
: We need drugs to decrease inflammation as well as have very less side effects. Review of literature mentioned anti-inflammatory action of Omega 3 fatty acids. Hence, we selected this drug. Our aim was to find the anti-inflammatory effect of Omega 3 fatty acid using animal model.: The study is objective animal study where measurement of inflammation was done by observational methodology, for the present study four groups were made- 6 Guinea pigs in each group. Control guinea pigs were fed distilled water, second group standard drug indomethacin 4mg/ kg body wt, test group 1 received 1200mg/kg body wt, test group II received 2400mg/kg body wt of Omega 3 fatty acid. All drugs given orally 30 minutes before exposure to UV radiation of 30 seconds duration was given and inflammation was observed at 6, 12 and 24 hrs after UV exposure in the form of scoring.Statistical significance was calculated using Anova method. For statistical analysis we have used SPSS system version 20. Inflammation was observed in all the four groups of Guinea pigs, there was significant anti-inflammatory effect of omega 3 fatty acid in the dose of 1200mg/kg body wt and 2400mg/kg body wt at 12 and 24 hours. Omega 3 fatty acids 1200mg/kg body wt orally produced significant anti-inflammatory effect against UV radiation induced inflammation in Guinea pigs at 12 and 24 hrs. However, standard drug could produce significant anti-inflammatory effect only at 24 hrs in comparison to control group. The anti-inflammatory effects of test 1, test 2 groups and standard group are comparable.
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