The present study completely evaluated the effectiveness of a disaster preparedness training and disaster drill: The training and drill improved the knowledge and ability of disaster preparedness for both undergraduate and diploma students.
PENDAHULUANKrisis ekonomi global yang terjadi pada tahun 2008 membawa dampak adanya krisis di Indonesia. Meskipun tidak separah yang terjadi pada krisis moneter tahun 1998, hal ini mengakibatkan terjadinya gejolak ekonomi di sebagian besar Negara di dunia, termasuk di Indonesia. Dampak pada perekonomian Indonesia mulai terasa pada akhir triwulan 2008 yang ditandai dengan turunnya Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG) pada bulan Desember
PT OLAM INDONESIA (Cocoa) Cabang Lampung memiliki petani binaan sebanyak 2700. Ada beragam jenis penyakit yang menyerang tanaman kakao. Jenis penyakit yang sering menyerang tanaman kakao yaitu penyakit busuk buah, penyakit kanker batang, penyakit antraknosa, penyakit jamur upas, penyakit jamur akar, penyakit pembuluh kayu (Vascular Steak Dieback). Permasalahannya adalah dikarenakan banyaknya petani binaan olam yang tidak mengetahui jenis penyakit dan solusi. Berdasarkan masalah tersebut, maka peneliti akan merancang sebuah sistem pakar diagnosa penyakit tanaman kakao menggunakan metode certainty factor pada kelompok tani pt olam indonesia (cocoa) cabang lampung. Sistem yang dibangun adalah sistem yang dapat mendiagnosa penyakit tanaman kakao serta memberikan solusi yang tepat terhadap penyakit yang sering menyusahkan para petani kakao. Hasil akhir yang diperoleh adalah sistem informasi diagnosa penyakit tanaman kakao menggunakan metode certainty factor yang memiliki kemampuan untuk mengetahui jenis penyakit sesuai dengan yang dikeluhan petani. Aplikasi ini diuji menggunakan perhitungan akurasi dimana hasilnya didapatkan tingkat akurasi sebesar 85,7% untuk diagnose penyakit tanaman kakao.
The recently concluded World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (WCDRR) in Sendai, Japan and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (SFDRR) have set renewed priorities for disaster risk reduction (DRR) for the next 15 years. This framework is the main guiding instrument for Disaster Risk Management (DRM) within the scope of sustainable development and the eradication of poverty. Disaster management policies and practices should be based on an understanding of risks, not just on an ideological level. Gap and key challenges identified include Still weak coordination, cooperation and linkages among the sectors related to DRR, Lacks of skills in loss assessment and post disaster needs, lack of strategic research agenda, absence of consensus regarding terminology, and limited coordination between stakeholders. The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of why disaster risk reduction efforts undertaken by regional policy often fail to improve future disaster responses. These findings can be used to help guide to improve regional policy in disaster risk reduction processes. This research is a systematic review study by collecting articles that are relevant to International Journal of Disaster Risk Science. From the analysis, we found that all four priorities for action in the Sendai Framework are relevant to Disaster Risk Management (DRM) field as follows: 1). Understanding disaster risk; 2). Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk; 3). Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience and 4). Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and to “Build Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction.
Ternak Ayam Pelung saat ini merupakan salah satu modal bangsa dalam mempertahankan sumberdaya genetik ternak nasional. Minat konsumen dan gairah petani semakin meningkat sementara usahaternak tidak cukup kuat untuk menutup kebutuhan tersebut. Usaha Ayam Pelung memerlukan solusi kreatif berdasarkan potensinya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan merumuskan strategi yang dapat dibuat oleh stakeholder terkait; serta memilih strategi alternatif terbaik. Metode penelitian adalah studi kasus dengan menggunakan informan sebagai sumber data primer. Model analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis SWOT dan QSPM. Berdasarkan diagram kartesius maka strategi WO adalah strategi yang sesuai dengan kondisi usaha Ayam Pelung di Kabupaten Cianjur. Berdasarkan faktor-faktor internal dan eksternal strategi yang dapat dirumuskan dari faktor internal dan eksternal adalah: (1) membuat kebijakan pemerintah dan breeding centre Ayam Pelung, (2) penyerapan CSR yang difasilitasi oleh perguruan tinggi dan dinas peternakan, dan (3) pelatihan pembuatan dimsum sebagai olahan Ayam Pelung serta pembinaan pengadaan pakan mandiri. Seluruh strategi layak untuk diupayakan namun urutan prioritas yang dapat membantu keberlanjutan usaha ayam pelung di Kabupaten Cianjur adalah strategi yang pertama, ketiga, dan kedua.
The community’s role during a disaster within the first 24–72 hours before having government’s aid is crucial in making the condition under control in a timely manner. Disaster management institution, especially at local level, has not had any models for flood preparedness training through participative approach based on the local wisdom of Jambi community to reduce disaster risks. This study tries to evaluate the effectiveness of training programme for flood preparedness based on the local wisdom designed for Jambi community, Indonesia. This research is an experimental study with pre- and post-test control design, in-class training followed by field practice and evaluated using three components: pre-test and post-test evaluations (score scale: 0–100), skill observation during disaster training (score scale: 1–4). The participants consisted of 24 local people chosen from the disaster-prone area; all participated in the disaster training. The score of pre- and post-test evaluations indicates improved post-test result with 71.4 (p < 0.005). There was also a skill improvement in the final simulation with 75% excellent score using model modification of programme for enhancement of emergency responses based on the local wisdom. This study completely evaluates the effectiveness of training for flood preparedness based on the local wisdom to improve the knowledge, ability and skill of people in disaster-prone areas.
Background:Nosocomial infection is infections that occur in patients when they are hospitalized. Data in several countries found that hundreds of millions patients worldwide are exposed to nosocomial infection each year. Standard precautions are applied to prevent infections in the hospital. The results of observations and interviews on nurses at Wates Regional Public Hospital found non-compliance of nurses in implementing standard precautions.Objective:The aim of this study is to determine factors affecting nurses’ compliance in Wates Regional Public Hospital, Yogyakarta.Method: This was cross sectional study, using questionnaire and standard precautions compliance check list. Observation was conducted twice on june 26th to July 7th, 2018. The subjects were 103 nurses in 10 inpatients room, taken by total sampling. Data was analyzed by pearson, spearman and mann whitney u test as bivariate, and also linier regression as multivariate.Result:The result of this study indicate that there were significant relationship between gender, standard precautions knowledge, motivation and work experience with nurses’ (p < 0,05), while there were insignificant relationship between age, education level, attitude, risk perception, preventive efficacy, risk taking personality, needle punctured experience, workload, infection knowledge, work stress, obstacles in standard precautions, the availability of personal protective equipment, safety climate and safety performance feedback with nurses’ compliance (p > 0.05). Multivariate test indicate that motivation has a dominant influence on nurses’ compliance.Conclusion and Suggestion: Factors influencing nurse compliance with standard precautions include motivation, work experience and risk taking personality. The dominant factor influencing nurse compliance with standard precautions is motivation. Suggestions from this study are to improve the completeness of facilities and tools related to standard precautions, monitoring and evaluation of nurses’ compliance. Further study needs to be held related to standard precautions each component include hand washing, personal protective equipment usage, care equipment decontamination, safe injecting practices, sharp objects and waste management.Key words:nosocomial infection, compliance to standard precaution, Wates Regional Public Hospital 1: Wates Regional Public Hospital2: Master in Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing UGM
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