Objective. This review aimed at figuring out the risk factors of uncontrolled hypertension in stroke. Method. This study systematically analyzed the hypertension risk factors available in the ProQuest, EBSCO, and PubMed databases published between 2010 and December 2019. The risk factors’ pooled odds ratio (POR) included in this research was calculated using both fixed and random-effect models. The meta-data analysis was processed using the Review Manager 5.3 (Rev Man 5.3). Result. Of 1868 articles, seven studies were included in this review searched using specific keywords. Based on the analysis results, there were 7 risk factors of uncontrolled hypertension in stroke: medication nonadherence ( POR = 2.23 [95% CI 1.71-2.89], p = 0.342 ; I 2 = 6.7 % ), use of antihypertensive drugs ( POR = 1.13 [95% CI 1.19-1.59, p = 0.001 ; I 2 = 90.9 % ), stage of hypertension ( POR = 1.14 [95% CI 1.02-1.27], p = < 0.001 ; I 2 = 97.1 % ), diabetes mellitus ( POR = 0.71 [95% CI 0.52-0.99], p = < 0.001 ; I 2 = 96.5 % ), atrial fibrillation ( POR = 1.74 [95% CI 1.48-2.04)], p = < 0.001 ; I 2 = 93.1 % ), triglycerides ( POR = 1.47 [95% CI 1.23-1.75], p = 0.879 ; I 2 = 0 % ), and age ( POR = 1.03 [95% CI 0.89-1.18], p = < 0.001 ; I 2 = 97.5 % ]. There were no bias publications among studies. Medication nonadherence and triglycerides had homogeneous variations, while the others had heterogeneous variations. Conclusion. Medication nonadherence, triglycerides, stage of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and use of antihypertensive drugs significantly affect the uncontrolled hypertension in stroke.

Introduction: The patients suffering from hypertension require treatment to prevent the complications by performing both pharmacological and non-pharmacological hypertension management. This research aims at revealing the difference of sodium intake, physical activities, and psychological problems in patients suffering from hypertension in rural and urban areas. Methods: This descriptive-quantitative research employs a cross sectional design. The research was conducted at Gondokusuman Community Health Center 1 as the representation from the urban areas and Cangkringan Community Health Center as the representation from the rural areas. There were 81 patients from rural areas and 74 from urban areas. Data were collected using a consecutive sampling technique with Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale 42 (DASS 42). The data analysis was conducted using both chi-square test and independent t-test. Results: The result of independent t-test for sodium intake was at p = 0.669 (p > 0.005). The result of analysis using chi-square test for physical activity was at p = 0.000 (p < 0.05). The result of analysis using chi-square test for depression level is at p = 0.964 (p > 0.05), anxiety level at p = 0.005 (p < 0.05) and stress level at p = 0.846 (p > 0.05). Conclusions: There are some differences in physical activities and anxiety levels in patients suffering from hypertension in rural and urban areas.

Aim This study aimed to test the validity and reliability of a four‐item patient health questionnaire as a psychological distress screening tool for patients with type 2 diabetes in Indonesia. Methods This cross‐cultural adaptation study was applied in five public health‐care centres in Indonesia in August–October 2018 using a four‐item patient health questionnaire. The content, convergent and factorial validity were assessed, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was the reliability indicator. Results A total of 147 participants were involved. Content validity resulted in acceptable outcomes (item and scale content validity indexes were 0.95 and 0.75, respectively). Anxiety and depression were associated with total score and psychological distress status (P < 0.001), supporting the convergent validity outcomes. Principal component analysis using varimax rotation revealed two factors, explaining 76.14% of variance (P < 0.001). Cronbach's alpha coefficients for anxiety, depression and total score were 0.780, 0.500 and 0.713, respectively. Conclusions The study demonstrated adequate validity and reliability for the Indonesian version of a four‐item patient health questionnaire among patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, it is applicable as a screening tool for psychological distress in this population.

ABSTRAKDiabetes merupakan penyakit metabolik yang dapat berpengaruh pada kualitas hidup. Pemerintah Indonesia berupaya meningkatkan kualitas hidup penyandang diabetes melalui Prolanis. Tujuan: Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas hidup peserta Prolanis diabetes tipe 2 di Puskesmas Depok Sleman Yogyakarta. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif-kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Responden penelitian ini adalah peserta Prolanis diabetes tipe 2 di Puskesmas Depok Sleman Yogyakarta berjumlah 85 orang, diperoleh dengan teknik total sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengkaji kualitias hidup adalah Diabetes Quality of Life-Brief Clinical Inventory. Analisis data disajikan dalam tabel distribusi frekuensi. Hasil: Rerata kualitas hidup peserta Prolanis diabetes tipe 2 adalah 3,84 ± 0,51. Angka tersebut relatif mendekati nilai optimal yang menunjukkan kualitas hidup baik. Rerata kualitas hidup berdasarkan karakteristik demografi ditemukan bahwa pada kelompok usia dewasa akhir (≥ 60 tahun), berjenis kelamin laki-laki, pendidikan terakhir SMP, tidak bekerja, berstatus menikah, berpenghasilan 2 juta - 4 juta, lama menyandang diabetes selama <5 tahun, mengikuti Prolanis ≥ 6 bulan, dan tidak memiliki penyakit penyerta menunjukkan kualitas hidup yang lebih baik. Kesimpulan: Kualitas hidup peserta Prolanis diabetes tipe 2 di Puskesmas Depok Sleman Yogyakarta dalam kategori baik.Kata Kunci: diabetes mellitus, diabetes tipe 2, kualitas hidup, Prolanis Quality of Life Among Prolanis Members of Type 2 Diabetes in Yogyakarta ABSTRACTDiabetes is a metabolic disease that will affect quality of life. Implementing Prolanis is the current effort of the Indonesian government to improve the quality of life for people with diabetes. Objective: The research aimed to determine the quality of life for Prolanis members of type 2 diabetes in Puskesmas Depok Sleman Yogyakarta. Method: It was a quantitativedescriptive study with a cross-sectional design. Respondents involved were Prolanis members of type 2 diabetes in Puskesmas Depok Sleman Yogyakarta. We recruited 85 respondents using total sampling technique. Diabetes quality of life-brief clinical inventory assessed quality of life among respondents. The analysis was presented in a distributionfrequency table. Results: The average quality of life of Prolanis type 2 diabetes participants was 3.84 ± 0.51, relatively closed with the optimal number, which indicated good quality of life. The average quality of life based on the demographic characteristics revealed the age group of late adult, male, junior high school alumnae, unemployed person, marriage, income 2 - 4 million, having diabetes for <5 years, following Prolanis ≥ 6 months, and no comorbidity indicated good category of quality of life. Conclusion: Prolanis members of type 2 diabetes in Puskesmas Depok Sleman Yogyakarta have good category of quality of life.Keywords: diabetes mellitus, Prolanis, quality of life, type 2 diabetes

ABSTRAKIndividu dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2 memiliki risiko dua hingga tiga kali lipat terjadinya risiko kejadian kardiovaskular, yaitu serangan jantung atau stroke. Organisasi kesehatan dunia dan masyarakat international hipertensi mengembangkan alat untuk memprediksi tingkat risiko kejadian kardiovaskular dalam kurun waktu sepuluh tahun yang akan datang. Tujuan: Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkatan risiko kardiovaskular pada penyandang diabetes tipe 2 dalam sepuluh tahun mendatang di Yogyakarta. Metode: Penelitian cross-sectional dilakukan di Puskesmas Depok, Yogyakarta dengan menggunakan teknik proportional sampling pada tiga Puskesmas Depok. Responden penelitian yaitu pasien terdiagnosis diabetes tipe 2, berusia 40-79 tahun, dan tidak memiliki komplikasi atau penyakit lain. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu WHO/ISH risk prediction charts wilayah Indonesia (SEAR B) untuk menilai tingkatan risiko kejadian kardiovaskular. Data diklasifikasikan berdasarkan tingkat risiko kejadian kardiovaskuler yang dimiliki. Data dianalisis secara univariat. Hasil: Sejumlah 66 responden terlibat dengan mayoritas responden adalah perempuan, tidak bekerja, menikah dan rerata usia 61,02 ± 8,86. Tingkat risiko kejadian kardiovaskular penyandang diabetes tipe 2 di Puskesmas Depok, Yogyakarta dalam kurun waktu sepuluh tahun mendatang yaitu risiko rendah 56,1%; risiko sedang 30,3%; risiko tinggi 9,1%; dan risiko sangat tinggi 4,5%. Lebih dari separuh responden memiliki risiko rendah (<10%) terkena serangan jantung atau stroke dalam waktu sepuluh tahun mendatang. Selain itu, satu dari tiga responden memiliki risiko sedang (10-20%) terjadi serangan jantung atau stroke. Kesimpulan: Separuh dari responden penyandang diabetes memiliki risiko non-fatal kejadian kardiovaskular.Kata Kunci: diabetes tipe 2, penyakit kardiovaskular, insidenRisk Level of Cardiovascular Event Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ABSTRACTIndividuals with type 2 diabetes have two to three times risk of cardiovascular event, as heart and stroke attack. World Health Organization and International Society of Hypertension had developed a prediction method of the risk level of cardiovascular event for the following ten years. Objective: This study aimed to identify the risk level of cardiovascular event over the next ten years on people with type 2 diabetes in Yogyakarta. Method: The study used a cross-sectional design in three Public Health Centers Depok, Yogyakarta using proportional sampling technique. The respondents were patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, age of 40-79 years, and no comorbidity. The WHO/ISH risk prediction charts for diabetes population in Indonesian (SEAR B) was used to assess the risk level of cardiovascular event. Data was analyzed with univariae analysis. Results: A total of 66 respondents were recruited after reviewing eligibility criteria. The majority of the respondents were women, unemployed, married, and the average age was 61.02 ± 8.86. The risk levels of cardiovascular event among participants in the next ten years were gradually low risk (56.1%); moderate risk (30.3%); high risk (9.1%); and very high risk (4.5%). More than a half of participants had low risk or less than 10% for being cardiovascular event in the following ten years. Furthermore, one third of participants had moderate risk or 10-20% developing cardiac arrest or stroke attack. Conclusion: A half of diabetes participants had non-fatal risk of cardiovascular event.Keywords: type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, incidence

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major cause of death in Indonesia and worldwide. Yogyakarta has the highest prevalence of cancer in Indonesia. Besides, Yogyakarta has high prevalence of diabetes mellitus and other NCDs. The prevention and control of NCDs are direly needed in Yogyakarta. Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) is the oldest university in Yogyakarta and has a large number of university staff members and students. This study aimed to empower university staff and students of UGM in the health promotion programs for tackling NCD risk factors through the Health Promoting University initiative. This was a participatory action research that was conducted in UGM, Yogyakarta. A total of 299 respondents (university staff and students in second year) were involved in the need’s assessment survey. Data were collected through online questionnaire and analyzed descriptively. Additionally, advocacy, training, small group discussion, seminars, discussion on WhatsApp group, as well as developing posters for healthy diet, hand washing, physical activities, and smoking behavior were done as the follow-up of the need’s assessment. The need’s assessment showed that most respondents had a poor knowledge on the NCDs and its risk factors (74%), poor knowledge on the smoke free campus (80%), had insufficient vegetables consumption (83%), had insufficient fruit consumption (68%), and had physically inactive behavior (52%). Furthermore, group discussions with the students improved their awareness on the NCD problems among students. Also, training for the university staff members improved their knowledge and skills related to the NCD risk factors’ measurement. The university staff and students’ knowledge and practice concerning the NCD risk factors prevention were poor. Therefore, the Health Promoting University initiative is a good way to empower them about the NCD risk factors prevention.

Background:Nosocomial infection is infections that occur in patients when they are hospitalized. Data in several countries found that hundreds of millions patients worldwide are exposed to nosocomial infection each year. Standard precautions are applied to prevent infections in the hospital. The results of observations and interviews on nurses at Wates Regional Public Hospital found non-compliance of nurses in implementing standard precautions.Objective:The aim of this study is to determine factors affecting nurses’ compliance in Wates Regional Public Hospital, Yogyakarta.Method: This was cross sectional study, using questionnaire and standard precautions compliance check list. Observation was conducted twice on june 26th to July 7th, 2018. The subjects were 103 nurses in 10 inpatients room, taken by total sampling. Data was analyzed by pearson, spearman and mann whitney u test as bivariate, and also linier regression as multivariate.Result:The result of this study indicate that there were significant relationship between gender, standard precautions knowledge, motivation and work experience with nurses’ (p < 0,05), while there were insignificant relationship between age, education level, attitude,  risk perception, preventive efficacy, risk taking personality, needle punctured experience, workload, infection knowledge, work stress, obstacles in standard precautions, the availability of personal protective equipment, safety climate and safety performance feedback with nurses’ compliance (p > 0.05). Multivariate test indicate that motivation has a dominant influence on nurses’ compliance.Conclusion and Suggestion: Factors influencing  nurse compliance with standard precautions include motivation, work experience and risk taking personality. The dominant factor influencing nurse compliance with standard precautions is motivation.  Suggestions from this study are to improve the completeness of facilities and tools related to standard precautions, monitoring and evaluation of nurses’ compliance. Further study needs to be held related to standard precautions each component include hand washing, personal protective equipment usage, care equipment decontamination, safe injecting practices, sharp objects and waste management.Key words:nosocomial infection, compliance to standard precaution, Wates Regional Public Hospital  1: Wates Regional Public Hospital2: Master in Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing UGM

Objective: To analyze the association between social support and mother's anxiety, the category of social support received, needed by mother treating the child with cancer. Method: This study non-experimental approach sequential explanatory mixed method strategy. Analytical correlation cross-sectional study 49 mothers treating the child with cancer in Installing Child Health Hospital Dr. Sardjito selected by consecutive sampling, qualitative exploration 9 informants selected by purposive sampling. The research instrument using Social Support Questionnaire, Pediatric Inventory for Parents, in-depth interview guide. Analysis using Pearson and content analysis. Results: Mother's worried long-term effects of cancer (55, 10%). The correlation number of support persons with mother's anxiety (r = 0.166; p = 0.253), correlation between satisfaction received support with mother's anxiety (r = -0.330; p = 0.021). Findings are mothers who less social support are the risk of severe anxiety, mothers get meaningful support and needed such as information and emotional support from family, neighbors, fellow who had the child with cancer, health workers. Instrumental and appraisal support from families, neighbors, friend, health workers. The mother states information support is important from the health worker, the fellow who had the child with cancer it makes to adapt, accept child's condition, emotional support from family make mother felt more confident treating child's. Conclusion: There is no correlation number of support persons and mother's anxiety. There is a significant negative correlation satisfaction received support and mother's anxiety. Category of support received, needed by mother especially information, emotional support.