Context: Bee pollen has been related to therapeutic properties including antibiotic, antineoplasic, antidiarrhoeic and antioxidant activities. However, little is known about the effect of pollen feeding on the intestinal structures and functions. Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the small intestine morphology in rats fed with three different pollen levels. Materials and Methods: Forty rats were randomly separated into 4 groups of 10 rats each. Control group (C) was fed with a basic diet, group L received a diet supplemented with 0.2% (w/w), group M with 0.5% (w/w) and group H with 0.75% (w/w) bee pollen for 90 days. The relative volume of intestinal mucosa structures, length of villi and Lieberkühn crypts formation were evaluated. Results: Quantitative morphometry and histology methods revealed significant increase in the relative volume of epithelium (P<0.0001) and decrease in the connective tissue volume (P<0.0001) of jejunum in groups M and H as compared to the control. The intestinal villi length significantly (P<0.0001) increased in all experimental groups. On the other hand, the Lieberkühn crypts depth significantly (P<0.0001) increased only in groups L and M but decreased (P<0.0001) in the highest pollen-exposed group H. Conclusion: The most significant results were recorded in the medium pollen exposed group. We conclude that the bee pollen concentration of 0.5% is the most effective in the increase of relative volume of the intestinal epithelium and villi length. The results demonstrated that bee pollen affects the small intestine development in a concentration-dependent manner and could be beneficial for intestinal function.Key words: Bee pollen, Histology, morphometry, Rat, Small intestine. PICTORIAL ABSTRACT SUMMARY• Bee pollen enhances the develop ment of the small intestine in rats from 4 weeks to 4 months of age • Intestinal epithelium volume, villi length and crypts depth increase.• Bee pollen acts in a concentration-dependent manner.Abbreviations used: w/w: Percent Concentration Weight/Weight.
The influence of UV-B radiation on embryonic development of chickens Hampshire breed was investigated. The set eggs with the average weight of 60.0 +/- 0.5 g were divided into six groups. The chickens in the control group C were hatched in the darkness. The chicken embryos in experimental groups were, during their incubation, influenced by UV light: in E1 (1 h a day), in E2 (2h a day), in E3 (3 h a day), in E4 (4 h a day), and in E5 (5 h a day). After the experiment, we can state that UV radiation appealing on chickens embryos of shorter time (1-2 h) was reflected in decreasing embryonic mortality in experimental group E1 (1.27 +/- 0.14%), the embryonic development was accelerated and the weight of hatched chickens was increased in group E2 (492.43 +/- 5.02 h and 47.83 +/- 2.62 g, respectively). The negative influence of UV radiation was reflected while it is longer appealing on chickens embryos (for 3-5 h), mainly by increased embryonic mortality in groups E3 (10.27 +/- 1.65%), E4 (58.09 +/- 3.12%), and E5 (100.00 +/- 0.00%). The results obtained are highly significant (p<0.001) in comparison with a control group C, as well as, with the experimental groups E1 and E2.
Localization of the L-selectin (CD62L) and β2-integrin (CD18) bearing cells in different tissues of the bovine mammary gland was examined. Five dairy cows of Holstein-Friesian breed in the middle of their second and third lactation cycle were used in the study. Blood, milk and udder tissue samples were collected from each cow to estimate the milk somatic cell count (SCC) and bacteriological infection of the mammary gland. The expression of CD62L and CD18 on blood cells, milk cells and parenchymal tissues of udder, Fürstenberg's rosette and the transverse section of the central part of the teat was tested. In the mammary gland quarters the value of SCC in milk secretion was also reflected in the presence of CD18 + and CD62L + leukocytes in mammary tissues. In the quarters where SCC was higher than 10 5 a frequent incidence of L-selectin and β2-integrin cells was observed in the parenchyma and Fürstenberg's rosette region, while in the quarters with low SCC, none or only a few reactive cells were found. In the mammary parenchymal tissue CD18 positive cells were present in both the epithelial and the connective tissue. In Fürstenberg's rosette the cells were concentrated in the connective collagenous and loose tissue. None or only scattered L-selectin (CD62L) and β2-integrin (CD18) bearing cells were identified in the transverse section from the central part of the teat. When we compared the L-selectin and β2-integrin expression, the study revealed the down-regulation of L-selectin on the cells of mammary tissue.
Abstract. The objective of this research was to study the expression of cell membrane molecules CD9 and CD41/61 of transgenic rabbit with integrated human factor VIII (rhFVIII) gene construct. The expressions of these molecules have been monitored during two lactations of transgenic rabbits and simultaneously compared with the expression of the same molecules of non-transgenic rabbits. The immunochemical analysis by indirect immunofluorescence, ELISA and indirect immunoperoxidase staining of blood cells and udder tissues show that the insertion of the WAP-hFVIII gene construct into the rabbit genome, do not influence the expression of cell membrane antigens CD9 and CD41/61 on the blood platelets, polymorphonuclear blood cells, milk somatic cells and mammary gland tissues.
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