This study focuses on the role Boven Digoel for the Indonesian nation in Keywords: Boven Digoel, National Movement, Papua Special Autonomy AbstrakKajian ini fokus pada peranan Boven Digoel bagi bangsa Indonesia dalam perjuangan mencapai kemerdekaan. Metode penelitian adalah metode sejarah dengan tahap penelitian: penelusuran sumber sejarah, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan penulisan sejarah. Boven Digoel dipilih sebagai tempat pengasingan kaum pergerakan karena faktor: makin intensifnya gerakan radikal (komunis) di Indonesia periode 1925-1927 yang termanifestasi dalam berbagai pemogokan buruh dan pemberontakan; Negeri Belanda merupakan kekuatan kolonial yang minor dibandingkan dengan Spanyol, Portugis, Perancis, dan Inggris -artinya, hanya wilayah Hindia Belanda (Indonesia) yang memiliki arti strategis bagi keberlangsungan kolonialisme. Jarak Boven Digoel sangat jauh dari pusat pemerintahan di Batavia yang diselimuti oleh hutan belukar lebat, penuh dengan rawa-rawa dan sunyisenyap dengan beraneka ragam binatang buas, ganasnya nyamuk malaria, dan suku asli yang masih kanibal; Boven Digoel sebagai 'Tanah Harapan' atau masa depan bagi kaum pergerakan yang tidak kembali ke daerah asalnya. Dengan di-Digoel-kan kaum pergerakan 'terputus' sama sekali dengan rakyatnya, sehingga mereka tidak bisa menyebarkan gagasan dan ide-ide kebangsaan atau nasionalisme. Boven Digoel berperan penting dalam Panggung Sejarah Indonesia Moderen, khususnya masa pergerakan nasional. Kini di Era Reformasi dan Otonomi Khusus Papua, eksistensi situs sejarah di Boven Digoel harus segera dikelola dengan baik untuk kepentingan pembangunan pendidikan dan pariwisata.
<p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Diskursus tentang Papua yang dikembangkan selalu dikaitkan dengan tiga isu utama yang saling berkelindan yaitu konflik, politik, dan sumber daya alam. Padahal Papua memiliki kekayaan kearifan lokal yang luar biasa. Pendekatan penelitian adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain penelitian fenomenologi. Penelitian ini juga didukung metode sejarah yang meliputi: penelusuran sumber sejarah, kritik sumber, interpretasi dan eksplanasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kearfian lokal Papua dalam bentuk <em>Para-Para Adat,</em> <em>Tikar Adat, </em> <em>Bakar Batu</em> dan <em>Bayar Kepala</em>, memberikan nilai budaya kepada tatanan hidup dan relasi sosial. Kearifan lokal yang menjadi modal sosial untuk membangun dan mengembangkan perdamaian di Papua. Modal sosial ini bila dibangun, dirawat, dikembangkan, dan diimplementasikan dapat menjadi wahana peredam dalam menyelesaikan konflik yang terjadi. Keberagaman di Papua baik suku bangsa, ras, agama, budaya, dan lainnya menjadi sisi positif dalam menggerakkan pembangunan untuk mensejahterakan seluruh penduduk yang tinggal di Papua. Namun demikian pemberdayaan penduduk lokal dalam segala aspek kehidupan adalah hal yang paling urgen. Sehingga terjalin relasi dinamis dan sinergis antara <em>etnic</em> nasionalisme dengan <em>state</em> nasionalisme dan melahirkan serta menumbuhkembangkan <em>civic</em> nasionalisme.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata Kunci:</strong> kearifan lokal; modal sosial; perdamaian; Papua;</p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>The discourse about Papua that has been developed has always been linked to three main interrelated issues, namely conflict, politics, and natural resources. Though Papua has a wealth of extraordinary local wisdom. The research approach is a qualitative approach to phenomenological research design. This research is also supported by historical methods which include: tracing historical sources, source criticism, interpretation and explanation, and historiography. The results showed that the local wisdom were in the form Para-Para Adat, Tikar Adat, Bakar Batu and Bayar Kepala, giving cultural values to the order of life and social relations. Local wisdom becomes social capital to build and develop peace in Papua. This social capital if it is built, maintained, developed and implemented can be a vehicle of silencing in resolving conflicts that occur. Diversity in Papua, both ethnic groups, races, religions, cultures, and others, is a positive side in driving development for the welfare of all residents living in Papua. However, empowering local people in all aspects of life is the most urgent thing. So that there is a dynamic and synergic relationship between ethnic nationalism and state nationalism and giving birth and developing civic nationalism.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> local wisdom; social capital; peace; Papua;</em>
The main problem of history learning in Papua is the alienation of students with the content lessons. Because most of the historical content is far from the reality of everyday life of the students because of the setting and locality generally from outside Papua. Therefore, history learning must emphasize the social and cultural aspects of Papua. This study aims to describe Papuan-ness identity of high school students in Jayapura. This study was conducted by using a qualitative research design. Furthermore, the subjects of this research included the native Papuan high school students and the high school students from mixed marriage (Papuan and non-Papuan) in Jayapura. Data collection employed observation, interviews, and the document method. Particularly, data analysis technique used interactive analysis. The result showed that there were two categories of Papuan-ness identity of the high school students in Jayapura: local identity and multicultural. Development of learning history in Papua in accordance with local identity and multicultural should be done immediately. Materials on local identity make history education more meaningful and cultivate students critical power.
This article aims to discuss the dynamics of relations between ethnic nationalism, civic nationalism and state nationalism in the Land of Papua. The growth and development of Papuan ethnic nationalism since the integration of Papua into reform was caused by Indonesian state policies. Historical method is used in this research. The research approach is a qualitative approach to phenomenological research design. Strengthening Papuan ethnic nationalism due to the Central Government's (Jakarta) policies that were not fully accepted by indigenous Papuans. The Papuan people felt marginalized and discriminated against in the process of development in both the political, economic, social and cultural fields, especially during the New Order government. Papuan ethnic nationalism is characterized by demands for independence from the Indonesian state and instrumentalization of ethnicity for political purposes. Ethnic nationalism eventually shifts the civic and or state nationalism as part of the Indonesian state.
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