Canola oil and flaxseed oil are vegetable oils as potential sources of unsaturated fatty acid that could improve the production and quality of beef meat.  However, the use of vegetable oils need to be protected to avoid biohydrogenation by rumen bacteria.  The research was aimed to analyse effect of flaxseed/canola oils calcium soap in the different buffer media on in vitro fermentation characteristic.  The experiment was conducted in a factorial randomized block design with 2 factors and 3 blocks based on rumen sampling time.  The first factor was sources of vegetable oils (canola and falxseed) and the second factor was type of buffer (Kajikawa and Mc.Dougall).  Variables observed were pH value, N-NH3 concentration, total volatile fatty acid (VFA), dry matter and organic matter digestibility.  Data obtained was analysed using Analysis of Variance and any significant different further tested using Duncan Multiple Range Test.  The results showed that there was no interaction between sources of diet and buffer.  Supplementation of canola and flaxseed oils protected by calcium soap at level 6% did not affect pH value, dry matter digestibility, rumen protozoa and total bacteria.  The use of different buffers affected pH value, dry matter digestibility, rumen protozoa and total bacteria.  It’s concluded that the used of flaxseed oil or canola oil calcium soap did not alter rumen fermentation and McDougall buffer could improve in vitro fermentation activity compare to Kajikawa buffer.

ABSTRAK ABSTRACTThis experiment was designed to evaluate protein quality and amino acid composition of fermented sago pulp by Aspergillus niger with urea and zeolit addition at different levels. The experiment was design in factorial completely randomized with two factors and three replicates. The first factor was levels of urea addition (0, 2.5, and 5), the second factor was levels of zeolite addition (0, 2.5, and 5) and used 2% A. niger on sago pulp (dry matter form). Variables observed were the levels of crude protein and amino acids. Data were tested using descriptive and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), the differences among treatments means examined by Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results howed that there was interaction between levels of addition urea and zeolite on crude protein value. The addition urea and zeolite at 5 had the high increased 15.49 ± 0.33 to crude protein content. The amino acid content of fermented sago pulp descriptively increased in urea treatment, but didn't show increased in zeolite treatment. Based on the calculation of the score of chemical and index essential amino acids, fermented sago pulp at 5 urea treatment has a chemical score of 17.86, 18.01, and 11.85 with the essential amino acid deficient is leucine, and has an index of 38.33, 36.43, and 28.45.

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The aim of this study was to determine the effect of kemuning leaves (Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack) extract supplementation of the drinking water on performance and physical quality of egg. Twenty-four weeks old of malon hybrid quails which amounts to 240 birds were allocated in a Completely Randomized Design with four treatments and two replications.  The treatments were namely P0 = control (without kemuning leaves extrct), and added kemuning leaves extract into drinking water (4 consecutive days per weeks) with dose of 3% (P1),  5%  (P2) and 7%  (P3). The commercial diet used in this study contained 20.01 % of crude protein. The results showed that supplementation of 3% and 7% of kemuning leaves extract into drinking water  had no significant difference on performance and physical quality  of egg. It was concluded that the dose of 5% kemuning leaf extract addition into total drinking water tends to produce the highest egg production (85%). Key words:          Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack, performance malon quail, egg physical quality DAFTAR PUSTAKA Andari, A, Anisa EN, Wulandari RF & Suci DM. 2018.  Efek suplementasi jamu rempah pada puyuh (Coturnix coturnix japonica) terhadap performa dan kadar kolesterol telur.  Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan 16 (2): 34-41 Adfa, M.2007.  Isolasi senyawa flavonoid aktif berkhasiat sitotoksik dari daun kemuning (Murraya paniculata L.Jack).  Jurnal Gradien 3(2): 262-266 Halimah, H, Suci, DM &Wijayanti I.2019.  Studi potensi penggunaan daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) sebagi bahan antibakteri Escherichia coli dan Salmonella typhimurium. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 24 (1): 56-64 Hanusova E,  Hrnčár C, Hanus A, & Oravcová M. 2016.  Egg traits in Japanese quail.   Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica 19 (Special Issue) : 62-67 Hilmi,M, Sumiati & Astuti DA. 2015.  Egg production and physical quality in Coturnix-coturnix Japonica fed diet containing piperine as phytogenic feed additive. Media Peternakan 38 (3): 150-155 Hrnčár C,  Hanusová E,  Hanus A & Bujko J. 2014.  Effect of genotype on egg quality characteristic of Japanese quail (Coturnix Japonica).  Slovak Journal of Animal Science 47(1): 6-11. Iskender H, Yenice G, Dokumacioglu E, Kaynar O, Hayirli A, & Kaya A. 2016.  The effect of dietary flavonoid supplementation on the antioxidant status of laying hens.  Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science. 18 (4): 663-668 Nowaczewski S, Kontecka H, Rosiñski A, & Koronowsk SBP. 2010.  Egg quality of Japanese quail depends on layer age and storage time. Folia biologica (Kraków) 58(3-4): 201-207 Nugroho, AE, Riyanto S, Sukari MA, Maeyama K. 2010.  Efek senyawa flavonoid dari kemuning (Murraya paniculata [L.] Jack terhadap pelepasan histamin dari kultur sel mast. Majalah Obat Tradisional 15 (1): 34-40 Parubak A S, 2013.  Senyawa flavonoid yang bersifat antibakteri dari Akway (Drimys becariana Gibbs). Chemistry Progress 6 (1): 34-37 Prajonggo TS, DjatmikoW & Soemarno. 1983. Pengaruh Sauropus androgynus L. Merr terhadap gambaran hisotologi kelenjar susu mencit betina yang menyusui. Prosiding Kongres Nasional XI FSI. Jakarta (ID): Hlm 735-739. Saerang LP, Josephine, Yuwanta T & Nasroedin. 2000. Pengaruh minyak nabati dan lemak hewani dalam ransum puyuh petelur terhadap performa daya tetas, kadar kolesterol dan plasma darah. Buletin Peternakan 22(2):96-101 Setyaningrum S & Siregar DJS. 2015. Efektivitas minuman herbal terhadap pertumbuhan puyuh. Surya Agritama.  4:1:109-117 Siregar B. 2008. Pengaruh penambahan tepung daun singkong (Manihot utilisima crantz) dalam pakan terhadap performans produksi telur puyuh (Cortunix-cortunix japonica) petelur. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan 11(1):28-33. Song KT, Choi SH, & Oh HR. 2000. A comparison og egg quality of pheasant, chukar, quail, and guinea fowl. Asian Australasian Journal Animal Science 13 (70): 986-990 Stojčić MD, Milošević N,  Perić L,  Jajić I, & Tolimir N.  2012.  Egg Quality of Japanese quail in Serbia.  Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry 28(3): 425-431 Subekti, S. 2007. Senyawa fitosterol dalam daun katuk (Sauropus androgynous L. Merr) dan pengaruhnya pada fungsi reproduksi puyuh. [disertasi]. Sekolah Pascasarjana: Institut Pertanian Bogor Sultana F, Islam MS & Howlider MAR. 2007.  Effect of dietary Calcium sources and levels on egg production and egg shell quality of Japanese quail. International Journal of Poultry Science 6 (2): 131-136 Zainuddin D & Wibawan IWT. 2007. Biosekuriti dan Manajemen Penanganan Penyakit Ayam Lokal. Dwiyanto K, Prijono ST, editor. Bogor (ID): Pusat Penelitian Biologi LIPI. Zita L, Ledvinka Z & Klesalova L. 2013.  The effect of the age of Japanese quails on certain egg quality traits and their relationships. Veterinarski Archive 83 (2) : 223-232. Yilmaz, A, Tepeli C & Çağlayan T. 2011.  External and internal quality characteristics in Japanese quails of different plumage color lines. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment 9 (2): 375-379 Yuhernita & Juniarti. 2011. Analisis senyawa metabolit sekunder dari ekstrak methanol daun Surian yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan.  Makara Sains 15(1): 48-52

The potential availability of forage feed is high, but in reality this potential has not been able to meet the requirement of feed both in sustainable quantity and quality. Silage made with the use of liquid fermentation additive (FA) can be a solution for those problems. The use of different levels of FA and addition of Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria as well as formic acid were expected to improve the nutritive quality of napier grass silage. The first experiment was designed to measure the fermentative quality of napier grass silage. The treatments used were the levels of FA, L. plantarum, and formic acid supplementations. The experiment used a completely randomized design with a 3x2x2 factorial arrangement with 3 replications. The first factor was the level of liquid FA (5%, 7.5%, and 10%), and the second factor was the inoculation of L. plantarum (without and with inoculation of the L. plantarum), and the third factor was the addition of formic acid (without and with the addition of 0.15% formic acid). The second experiment was aimed to evaluate chemical and microbiological characteristics, and in vitro digestibility of selected napier grass silage. The results showed that napier grass silage from all treatments showed good qualities. There were interactions between FA, L. plantarum, and formic acid on DM content (P<0.05) and ammonia production (P<0.01). The use of FA showed an interaction (P<0.01) with the addition of L. plantarum and formic acid in Fleigh point. Ammonia production in rumen (P<0.01), total VFA (P<0.05), and in vitro digestibility (P<0.01) were significantly affected by the treatments. The optimal level of liquid FA was 7.5%. Based on the nutritive quality of silage, L. plantarum addition was as effective as control treatment to improve nutritive quality of napier grass silage through the increased of fermentation characteristics i.e., low pH, high DM product, high fermentation product (VFA), and digestible on rumen. Formic acid reduced ammonia production during ensiling and fermentation in rumen, but it was less effective in inhibiting the fermentation process when it was combined with L. plantarum. Key words: napier grass silage, fermentation additive, Lactobacillus plantarum, formic acid ABSTRAKPotensi ketersediaan hijauan pakan yang tinggi pada kenyataannya belum dapat memenuhi penyediaan pakan yang cukup secara berkelanjutan dengan mutu yang baik. Silase dibuat dengan cairan aditif fermentasi (AF) sebagai solusi permasalahan di atas. Melalui evaluasi level penggunaan AF dan penambahan bakteri Lactobacillus plantarum serta asam formiat diharapkan memberikan pengaruh sinergi dalam meningkatkan kualitas nutrisi silase rumput gajah. Percobaan pertama menguji kualitas fisik dan fermentatif hasil akhir silase rumput gajah. Kualitas fermentatif menggunakan rancangan acak faktorial 3 x 2 x 2 dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah level cairan aditif fermentasi (5%, 7,5%, dan 10%), faktor kedua adalah inokulasi L. plantarum (tanpa dan dengan inokulasi L. plantarum), dan faktor ketiga ...

Manokwari District is the base of raising beef cattle, and the production of seeds, feed, livestockproduction facilities.This activity production facilities strongly supports the achievement of good beef cattle productivity.The objectives of the research were (1) to identify factors influencing the development of beef cattle business, (2) to establish the scale of beef cattle and appropriate marketing and (3) to develop alternative strategy of beef cattle business development for improvement income of farmers of Manokwari District.Processing and data analysis used: (1) External Factor Evaluation (EFE) andInternal Factor Evaluation (IFE), (2) external internal (IE) matrix; (3) Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT); and (4) Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) analysis. Determination of priority strategies with QSPM, based on the results of alternative strategies resulting from the SWOT matrix. Based on the calculation of QSPM matrix, there are three strategic priorities that can be implemented, namely (1) strengthening the capital to compete, (2) expanding the market share of beef cattle, and (3) improving the quality of beef cattle.

Cemaran Timbal (Pb) dan Arsen (As) pada Susu Sapi Perah (Salundik et al.

This study was done to compare the environmental temperature and the effect of feed  management on dairy cattle productivity in KUTT Suka Makmur Grati Pasuruan. Primary data were collected by questionare based interview to the farmers at different height areas those were 40 farmers in lowland area and 40 farmers in highland area. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and quant itative methods. The results showed that temperatures in the lowlands were higher at around 24oC - 27oC, so cattle experiencing heat stress and the impact  was cattle consumed less feed, while the availability of  water was limited. In contrast, the highlands temperature was relatively low, about 22oC - 24oC. The cattle in highland was fed with elephant grass with a good nutrient content, so the cattle was able to produced well.  Keywords: Dairy Cattle, Environment, Feed Effect, Productivity, Temperature