SUMMARYTen dairy cows were allocated into three groups according to milk productivity (four high, four intermediate and two dry cows, respectively). Heat production and heart rate, but not rectal temperature, were significantly different (P < 0·05) between groups. Heat production increased during feeding in the morning and in the afternoon and reached a peak 3 h later. Minimum heat production was observed in the early morning before feeding. The diurnal pattern for heart rate reflected that of heat production. These results suggest that cooling dairy cows during hot summer days is most effective at feeding time and 3 h afterwards.
Thermoregulatory responses of Holstein heifers were studied under direct solar radiation and shade conditions during summer and autumn periods in southern Japan. The data were used to predict the contribution to effective temperature (ET) of solar radiation. The amount of solar radiation, including both direct and indirect sources, was estimated from black globe temperature (GT). There was no effect of solar radiation on the rate of heat production nor heart rate of the heifers. Rectal temperature increased significantly under no shade conditions during the summer period. Respiration rate (RR) and mean skin surface temperature paralleled changes in dry bulb temperature (DBT) and GT. The ET in the test situations, using RR and mean body temperature (Tb) as physiological indices, was predicted as: ET(DBT, GT) = 0.24DBT + 0 76GT. This equation indicates that solar radiation as measured by black globe temperature contributes substantially more to the heat load on animals than does dry bulb temperature.
Bangsa sapi Friesian Holstein (FH) memiliki produksi susu tertinggi dibandingkan bangsa-bangsa sapi perah lainnya. Sapi FH mengalami peningkatan produksi susu sebanyak 23% selama periode 25 tahun
In Indonesia, because of the rapidly growing demand for dairy products, the development of milk production in rural communities can play a strong role in reducing poverty. However, the development of smallholder dairy production requires adequate support from the government, development organizations, and private firms. To assess the needs and situations of poor dairy farmers, we conducted a study in Ciater sub-district in West Java Province to compare the current situation with the situation that prevailed 4 years ago, i.e., before the implementation of a dairy development project. Data were collected from 61 farms in June 2014. The average number of cows on the farms surveyed was three to four, and each relied on cultivating an average of 0.4 ha of forage. Results showed that thanks to the project activities, milk productivity per cow and net income from milk production increased by 25% between 2010 and 2014. These results underline the importance of providing training and technical support for the development of the livelihoods of dairy smallholders.
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