Background Acknowledging population control to be an essential step for global health promotes wide research study in the area of male contraception. Although there are a great number of synthetic contraceptives available in the market, they have plenty of adverse effects. Different potential strategies for male contraception were investigated over a long period time consisting of hormonal, chemical, and immunological interventions, although these methods showed good antifertility results with low failure rates relative to condoms. Main text This review is based upon the concept of herbal contraceptives which are an effective method for controlling the fertility of animals and humans. This review has highlighted herbal medicinal plants and plant extracts which have been reported to possess significant antifertility action in males. The review considers those plants which are used traditionally for their spermicidal and antispermatogenic activities and imbalance essential hormones for fertility purposes and plants with reported animal studies as well as some with human studies for antifertility effect along with their doses, chemical constituents, and mechanism of action of the antifertility effect of the plants. This review also explains the phases of sperm formation, hormone production, and the mechanism of male contraceptives. Conclusion As far as the relevance of the current review is discussed, it might be quite useful in generating monographs on plants and recommendations on their use. A lot of the plant species listed here might appear promising as effective alternative oral fertility-regulating agents in males. Therefore, significant research into the chemical and biological properties of such less-explored plants is still needed to determine their contraceptive efficacy and also to possibly define their toxic effects so that these ingredients can be utilized with confidence to regulate male fertility. The new inventions in this field are necessary to concentrate on modern, more potent drugs with less harmful content and that are self-administrable, less costly, and entirely reversible.
The objective of present study was to develop colon targeted drug delivery using bacterially triggered approach through oral route. Valdecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor) was chosen as a model drug in order to target it to colon which may prove useful in inflammatory bowel disease and related disorders. Matrix tablets of Valdecoxib were prepared by wet granulation technique utilizing different ratio of Guar gum and Sodium starch glycholate. The prepared matrix tablets were evaluated for uniformity of weight, uniformity of content, hardness and in vitro dissolution study in simulated gastric and intestinal fluid (Phosphate Buffer pH-1.2, pH-6.8 and pH-7.4), followed by Dissolution study in bio-relevant dissolution media Phosphate Buffer (pH-6.8) containing rat caecal content. The results revealed that the formulated batch had released lesser quantity of drug at pH 1.2 and pH 7.4 in 2 hors whereas in biorelevent dissolution media containing rat caecal content it released significantly higher amount of drug which was also significantly higher than the dissolution media of same pH without caecal content (microflora) and it was concluded that guar gum can be used as a potential carrier for targeting drugs to colon.
The total population has been developing dramatically; be that as it may, right now, the decisions for male contraception are restricted. This study investigates continuous explores of male contraceptives. This study article is primarily based on the thought of contraception that must be needed toward the increasing population and giving the ideal strategy to control the fertility of humans and animals. This review featured the recent oral male contraceptives that may be revolutionary products in our world as means of contraception. The audit article considers that these contraceptives are customarily utilized for their spermicidal activities and their fundamental hormones of the awkwardness for fertility and the mechanism of activity of the impact of the antifertility of contraceptives. The present study offers up-to-date data gathered on the contraceptives used for anti-fertility activity in males. The goal of this study is to spotlight the work on the anti-fertility effect of contraceptives. Therefore these products can provide options and lowering fertility would be higher than different contraceptives. This article can also assist investigators in developing the newer contraceptive preparation for anti-fertility activity in males. The innovations in this field are important to focus on current, more intense medication having a less detrimental effect on the body function and that can be administrable on its entity, less expensive, and quite reversible.
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