Background: Sleeping is an essential need for every human beings in fulfilling their lives. There are two main components needed to put into consideration; they are sleeping quality and quantity. If the components are being distracted, it will cause impact on memory and concentration system. Consequently, it will cause the decline in academic achievements. The population who are at risk the most will be the collegestudents, especially medical students. Therefore, a research is conducted in order to determine relationship sleep quality and quantity with FK USU students’ academic achievement’s.Method: This research, which is held from March to December 2015, uses analytic methods of case control study. In this study, there are 594 samples that correspond with inclusion and exclusion criterias; then, 150 subjects are being chosen for the case group and 150 subjects are also being chosen for the control group by using a simple random sampling technique. In addition, the research’s datas are collected by using the PSQI and STQ questionnaires, then, they are analyzed by the SPSS computer program. Results: A frequency distribution of the bad sleep quality and the less sleep quantity are the most in the USU’s medical students with the respective figures of 185 respondents (61,7%) and 163 respondents (54,3%). The result of Chi Square analysis also shows that there is a significant relationship with the p value <0,0001 (p≤0,05). Besides, the result of multivariat analysis, which uses logistic regression, shows a final model formula is log p (bad academic achievement) = -1,068+0,570(sleeping quality)+1,303(sleeping quantity). Conclusion: There is a relationship between the sleep quality and quantity with the FK USU students’ academic achievement.
Background Although the incidence of diarrhea in Indonesia has declined in the last five years, the mortality rate in children under five years old is still high. Therefore, appropriate and comprehensive management of diarrhea is essential. There have been many studies on the role of zinc therapy and probiotic therapy in reducing the severity of acute diarrhea, but not many studies have compared the use of a combination of the two therapies tozinc therapy alone.Objective To compare the efficacy of zinc-probiotic combination therapy to zinc alone in reducing the severity of acute diarrhea.Methods We conducted a randomized, open-label, controlled trial from July 2009 to January 2010 in Adam Malik Hospital and Pirngadi Hospital, Medan. Children aged between 1 month and 5 years who met the criteria were divided into two groups. Group I received zinc sulphate (aged <6 months: 10 mg/day; aged 2:6 months: 20 mg/day) combined with heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus (3x101O CFU/day) for 10 days. Group II received only zinc sulphate at the same dosage as group I. Measurement of disease severity was based on the frequency of diarrhea (times/day) and the duration of diarrhea (hours) after initial drug consumption.Results Eighty subjects were enrolled, randomised, and divided equally into two groups. 40 children received zinc-probiotic in combination (group I) and the remainder (group II) received zinc alone. We observed significant differences in frequency of diarrhea (2.1 vs 3.1 times/day, P=0.001, 95%CI -1.62 to -0.49), and duration of diarrhea (52.1 vs. 72.6 hours, P=0.00l, 95%CI -30.91 to -10.18) in the two groups.Conclusion Combination of zinc-probiotic therapy was more effective in reducing the severity of acute diarrhea than zinc therapy alone in children under five years of age.
Background Sleep quality can be measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep
Background Functional constipation is a common pediatric problem in both developed and developing countries. In the past two decades, the prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide. Obesity itself leads to many health problems, including functional constipation. Studies correlating obesity to functional constipation have thus far mostly originated from developed countries. Objective To assess for a possible correlation between obesity and functional constipation in children in a developing country. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Al-Mukhlisin Islamic Boarding School, Batu Bara District, North Sumatera Province, Indonesia, between July and August 2015. The subjects were 150 students aged 12 to 17 years. Questionnaires were used to determine functional constipation and filled by direct interview. Obesity was determined by body mass index. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test. Results Of 150 children, 49 had functional constipation; and 18 of the 49 were obese. The mean age of children with constipation was 14.7 (SD 1.07) years (95%CI 14.1 to 14.7) and their mean body weight was 53.8 (SD 15.10) kg (95%CI 49.4 to 58.1). The prevalence for functional constipation in obese children was 58% There was a statistically significant correlation between obesity and functional constipation (prevalence ratio=4; 95%CI 1.72 to 8.94; P=0.001), indicating that obese children had 4 times higher risk of having functional constipation. Conclusion There is a significant correlation between obesity and functional constipation in children. [Paediatr Indones. 2018;58:1-4 ; doi: http://dx
Background Functional dyspepsia is a common gastrointestinal
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