BACKGROUND:The oral health of pregnant females needs attention, especially in developing countries like India where oral checkup and care is not considered to be a part of mandatory antenatal protocols.OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to evaluate the oral health status of pregnant females in Central India including the assessment of their knowledge, attitude, and awareness about oral health.MATERIALS AND METHODS:The study population comprised of 320 pregnant females, and a control group consisted of 103 age-matched nonpregnant females. A cross-sectional self-reported questionnaire-based survey and clinical examination was conducted.RESULTS:Out of 320, 192 (60%) pregnant females had some dental problem during pregnancy. Community periodontal index (CPI) score for total pregnant females (2.16) was significantly higher in comparison to control group (1.29). Nearly 72.81% of pregnant females had never attended the dentist. Trimester-wise comparison showed time-dependent increase in CPI score. Low educational status, older age, earlier issues, poor hygiene habits, and tobacco use showed a direct effect on compromised oral health.CONCLUSION:The study highlights the need of interaction between dental practitioners and gynecologists including routine dental checkup during antenatal visits of pregnant females as essential.

INTRODUCTIONIn 2012 the London Summit on Family Planning was held to bring back the focus on family planning globally. With 60% unmet need for FP in the postpartum period and JSY (conditional cash transfer scheme) bringing women to facilities, PPIUCD is a safe and effective reversible long term birth spacing method that should be available to women. IUCDs are used by only 2% of current users of contraception in India. According to the World Health Organization Medical Eligibility Criteria, an IUCD can be inserted in the 48 hours postpartum, referred to here as a postpartum IUCD (PPIUCD), or after four weeks following a birth. ABSTRACTBackground: PPIUCDs are the only method for couples requesting a highly effective and reversible, yet long acting, family planning method that can be initiated during the immediate postpartum phase. World Health Organization (WHO) medical eligibility criteria state that it is generally safe for postpartum lactating women to use a PPIUCD, with the advantages outweighing the disadvantages. PPIUCDs are cost-effective and they are low-cost intervention that reduces maternal, infant, and under-five Child mortality. Methods: After approval from the ethical committee and consent from the patients, the study was performed on 1000 postpartum women within 10 min. of delivery and up to 6 weeks of delivery at Labour Room of, M.Y. Hospital, Indore. Results: Majority of acceptor (72.5%) belong to age group of 18-25 years and 53% belonged to urban area. Acceptance was more in those who completed their secondary school level education (33%). Working women (55.5%) accepted PPIUCD more than the non-working. Out of 1000 women counselled only 10% agreed for PPIUVD insertion. During the study of 1 year duration (3.5%) of non-acceptors become pregnant and none of the acceptors conceived. Most common reason stated for accepting PPIUCD among acceptors, was that it is a reversible method (66%). Most common reason for not accepting PPIUCD among non-acceptors, because they are interested in Other Method of Family Planning (60%). Conclusions: Verbal acceptance is more than actual insertion of PPIUCD because of adoption of other method of family planning, family pressure, nonacceptance by partner, lack of awareness, fear of complication. Proper counselling can help to generate awareness and compliance for PPIUCD use in postpartum mother who have institutional delivery. Inserting CuT 380A within 10 min after placental delivery is safe and effective, has high retention rate. The expulsion rate was not high, and further can be reduced with practice could not be predicted.

Background: HIV virus infection was detected first time in India in Tamil Nadu in April 1986; India has the third largest HIV epidemic in the world. In 2013, HIV prevalence in India was an estimated 0.3 percent. The pregnant women and her unborn child who are HIV reactive are mostly innocent bearers of the brunt of the infection. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV is a major route of new infections in children. Without any intervention, the risk of transmission of HIV from infected pregnant women to her child is estimated to be around 20- 45%.Early diagnosis of children born to HIV positive mother using HIV DNA PCR and treating children who are diagnosed HIV-positive with antiretroviral drugs within their first 12 weeks of life reduces mortality by 75%.Methods: This retrospective data analytic study of HIV positive pregnant women who attended antenatal clinic and delivered at M.Y. Hospital, Indore from January 2011 to December 2013 .For screening of ANC patients ELISA method was used. For the children, HIV DNA was done by sending the dried blood smear on blot paper and was sent to the reference laboratory Kasturba Hospital, Mumbai and used for diagnosis at 6 week and 6 month.Results: Only 50% of HIV positive children were started on ART, 20% died, 20% loss to follow up and 10% were not willing for follow up. Also 30% mothers practiced mixed feeding. Neonatal mortality rate was 54.87 per thousand live births which is more than the seronegative mothers.Conclusions: First HIV DNA testing can be done at 72 hours to detect antenatal HIV transmission. Early testing can pick up these cases early and ensure treatment. Mixed feeding should be strongly discouraged by counseling and modern methods of communication.

Abstract:Objective-Preeclampsia is one of the leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide.

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders seen in infertility clinic of Gynae OPD. It is basically is disease of metabolic disorder and requires ultrasound and hormonal assay for its diagnosis.Methods: The study was carried out in the GOPD of MGM medical College and M.Y. Hospital Indore (M.P.) India. It included 200 women in the age group 18-40 years diagnosed as PCOS and who were compared with 200 women of same age group without PCOS. The height, weight BMI and waist hip ratio were measured and analyzed statistically.Results: The present study shows that women with PCOS had higher incidence of acne hirsutism and irregular menses (p<0.0001), women with PCOS had higher mean ovarian volume measurement (11±1.4cc) compared to female controls who had lower volume of ovary with a range of (7.94±2.34cc. (p<0.0001) as calculated by USG by sonologist.Conclusions: The presence of central obesity, (waist hip ratio >0.87) is an indication for presence of PCOS. Thus, these patients may undergo further hormone evaluation and this simple measurement can help to screen out PCOS from general population. This prevents financial burden on low resource settings.

No abstract

A patient with G1P0 status 38 weeks pregnancy with pain with no high risk delivered at PHC, Hatod, Madhya Pradesh (India). She delivered a male baby by spontaneous vaginal delivery of 3.1 kg. All of sudden after 2nd stage of labour, her 3rd stage of labour was eventful. Placenta did not come out spontaneously so controlled cord traction was given by the ANM over the PHC. She was given intramuscular oxytocin 5 IU. She did the traction with proper care but inspite of that while doing so placenta got separated but there was complete uterine inversion. ANM herself tried to reposit the uterus but could not do so. So ANM immediately referred her from PHC to MYH, Indore, Madhya Pradesh (India).

Background: PPH is responsible for quarter of maternal deaths occurring worldwide and its incidence is increasing in developed world. According to Confidential Enquiries into Maternal and Child Health (CEMACH) report obstetric hemorrhage occurs in around3.7 per 1000 births. The objective of the study is that it was a prospective randomized comparative study of misoprostol and balloon tamponade via condom catheter to prevent postpartum hemorrhage in normal delivered patients at MYH.Methods: A sample size of 200 normal delivered patients between age group 18 and 45 years is chosen with excessive bleeding after third stage of labour and after administration of oxytocics. These 200 patients are divided into two groups: First group receiving Misoprostol and applying condom catheter in other group. Both groups are evaluated for PPH.Results: It was found that CG balloon condom catheter was a much better and more effective alternative in controlling PPH than Misoprostol as the failure rate with CG balloon condom catheter were  much less than that  with misoprostol. Due to its cost effectiveness and being easily available at primary health center and due to absence of any drug reactions and easy technique of formation makes it a better modality in controlling PPH even at PHC.Conclusions: Patients with condom catheter in situ must show better result than patients receiving misoprostol.