Abstract. Yulianah I, Waluyo B, Ashari S, Kuswanto. 2020. Variation in morphological traits of a selection of Indonesian winged bean accessions (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) and its analysis to assess genetic diversity among accessions. Biodiversitas 21: 2991-3000. In Indonesia, winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) is a traditional vegetable crop grown mainly for its edible green pods. Plant breeding programs aim to produce cultivars with high production and good nutritional qualities. The objective of this present study was to assess genetic diversity among 21 selected Indonesian winged bean lines based on observation of morphological characters. This was the first step in determining an appropriate breeding program for the development of improved vegetable cultivars. Twelve qualitative characters and eight quantitative variables were assessed for each of the 21 lines. Categorical differences among lines were observed in characters such as leaflet, pod and seed shape, pod surface texture, anthocyanin pigmentation of stem, flowers and pods. Several of these characters are useful as genetic markers, and cluster analysis of the 21 lines on the basis of qualitative characters enabled two distinct groupings to be identified. Quantitative variation across line means was also high for several of the quantitative variables (a coefficient of variation > 25% for pod length, number of pods per plant, and total pod weight per plant). Principal component analysis applied to the eight variables accounted for 86% of the total variation in just three components with eigenvalues > 1. On Component 1, the characters number of days to first open flower, pod length and pod weight were closely aligned with total weight of pods per plant. Number of pods per plant was not closely aligned with weight of pods per plant. This study has enabled broad differences between groups of lines to be categorized and has identified particular lines with characteristics that recommend them for inclusion as parents in inheritance studies designed to elucidate the contribution that individual characters make to overall productivity, attractiveness, and nutrition of this useful, high protein, vegetable species.
Abstract. Sadiyah H, Soegianto A, Waluyo B, Ashari S. 2020. Short Communication: Preliminary characterization of groundcherry (Physalis angulata) from East Java Province, Indonesia based on morpho-agronomic traits. Biodiversitas 21: 759-769. Accurate knowledge of the genetic relationships between different germplasms is important for successful crop improvement programs through breeding. This work aimed to i) characterize the groundcherry germplasm collected from the field of eastern Java and Madura Island based on their morpho-agronomic performance, ii) investigate the relationships among the different germplasms, and iii) verify whether simultaneous analysis of quantitative-qualitative data (joint analysis) can reveal new clustering patterns. A total of 26 quantitative and 31 qualitative traits were measured and evaluated for 28 accessions. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to select variables that had significant loading, based on a t-test, for inclusion in cluster analysis. The first clustering method was the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA), which only involved quantitative variables using the Manhattan distance. This method was followed by a joint analysis using Gower dissimilarity. Nonparametric multivariate analysis of variance test showed that four clusters were the optimum number for both methods, but the clusters for each method had different members. The coefficient of variation ranged from 3.9 (fruit pH) to 45.5 (productivity per plant), indicating that improvement in the productivity in groundcherry was promising. The mean values of the morpho-agronomic traits for accessions from eastern Java and Madura Island were not significantly different, except for fruit firmness and the mean length of two internodes. In general, geographic isolation did not have much influence on the characteristics of an accession, since there were accessions from these two regions that were members of the same group, identified by the clustering analysis.
Abstract. Sadiyah H, Ashari S, Waluyo B, Soegianto A. 2021. Genetic diversity and relationship of husk tomato (Physalis spp.) from East Java Province revealed by SSR markers. Biodiversitas 22: 184-192. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and relationship of Physalis spp. from East Java province, Indonesia. A total of the 33 Physalis accessions was analyzed employing 16 SSR markers. AMOVA, UPGMA clustering, and non-parametric ANOVA analyses were applied. The results showed Genetic diversity in this sample showed lower levels (He =0.171), as compared to other studies of Physalis that used different molecular markers. The dendrogram revealed the presence of five groups, the different species belong to different small groups. The two major groups consist of accessions originated from eastern Java and Madura Island, indicating that there is no significant difference between accessions from both areas although there is geographic isolation in the form of the strait. It is consistent with the low population differentiation and high genetic drift. The AMOVA revealed that 96% of the total variation came from the within-population (among accession), reflect that the accessions used in this study have high variation and valuable for plant improvement through breeding programs. It is recommended that future evaluation studies include more accession from minor accessions detected in the sample of this study to better represent the genetic diversity available in this crop.
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