Variation in morphological traits of a selection of Indonesian winged bean accessions (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) and its analysis to assess genetic diversity among accessions

Abstract

Abstract. Yulianah I, Waluyo B, Ashari S, Kuswanto. 2020. Variation in morphological traits of a selection of Indonesian winged bean accessions (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) and its analysis to assess genetic diversity among accessions. Biodiversitas 21: 2991-3000. In Indonesia, winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) is a traditional vegetable crop grown mainly for its edible green pods. Plant breeding programs aim to produce cultivars with high production and good nutritional qualities. The objective of this present study was to assess genetic diversity among 21 selected Indonesian winged bean lines based on observation of morphological characters. This was the first step in determining an appropriate breeding program for the development of improved vegetable cultivars. Twelve qualitative characters and eight quantitative variables were assessed for each of the 21 lines. Categorical differences among lines were observed in characters such as leaflet, pod and seed shape, pod surface texture, anthocyanin pigmentation of stem, flowers and pods. Several of these characters are useful as genetic markers, and cluster analysis of the 21 lines on the basis of qualitative characters enabled two distinct groupings to be identified. Quantitative variation across line means was also high for several of the quantitative variables (a coefficient of variation > 25% for pod length, number of pods per plant, and total pod weight per plant). Principal component analysis applied to the eight variables accounted for 86% of the total variation in just three components with eigenvalues > 1. On Component 1, the characters number of days to first open flower, pod length and pod weight were closely aligned with total weight of pods per plant. Number of pods per plant was not closely aligned with weight of pods per plant. This study has enabled broad differences between groups of lines to be categorized and has identified particular lines with characteristics that recommend them for inclusion as parents in inheritance studies designed to elucidate the contribution that individual characters make to overall productivity, attractiveness, and nutrition of this useful, high protein, vegetable species.

Agro-morphological traits and harvest period assessment of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) genotypes for pods production

“…Otherwise the genotypes that had green calyces commonly had green stem, blue corolla-base color, and green pod with green wings as shown by H1P-19(3), H2, and local genotypes (P2, KH1, KH3). This evidence was also shown in the previous studies conducted by Thompson and Haryono (1980), and Yulianah et al (2020). Erskine and Khan (1977) reported linkage between stem and calyx color, and also between pod and wing color.…”

“…In previous studies, evaluation on some winged bean accessions showed that the pod length varied from 13.70 cm -38.40 cm with the pod width between 0.82 cm and 2.90 cm. Based on the pod length, winged bean genotypes in this study belong to pod classification as being moderate pods in size except for accessions KH2 and KH3 (Yulianah et al 2020;Sari et al 2018;Sukma et al 2017). Yulianah et al (2020) also reported that the pod length could affect pod weight (g per-pod), where the genotype with shorter pods produced lower pod weight, otherwise the genotype with the longest pod produced the highest pod weight.…”

“…A single gene also controlled pod shape as seen in cross section with complete dominance of rectangular over flat pod shape. Yulianah et al (2020) highlighted that the phenotypic expression of a simple inherited trait depends on the genetic background within the particular population in which the trait is observed. Among those characters, stem color can be used as genetic marker in selecting winged bean genotypes because it is inherited and able to be observed at the early stage of plant growth.…”

Review: Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) cropping systems

“…Sastrapradja and Aminah Lubis (1975) reported significant phenotypic variation for both qualitative and quantitative characters amongst Javanese cultivars; for example, a remarkable range in length of pods from 12 cm to 70 cm. In recent studies, Yulianah et al (2020) have observed more modest differences between cultivar means from 13.7 to 38.4 cm, but noted that for vegetable production, pod length is a pivotal character and highly heritable (Erskine and Kesavan (1982). Also important for efficient vegetable production are the maturity characteristics of cultivars.…”

“…Heyne (1927) compiled the limited information available at that time for winged bean cultivation in the archipelago, but it wasn't until the mid-1970s with the work of colleagues (1975, 1978) in Bogor and of Thompson and Haryono (1980) in Jogjakarta that a comprehensive picture emerged of its cultivation in Java. More recently, Handayani et al (2015), Kuswanto et al (2016) and Yulianah et al (2020) have expanded this picture with a genetic analysis of a wider range of cultivars from Indonesia, particularly East Java.…”