Aim:This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of hot dry, hot humid and comfortable season on physiological, hematological, biochemical, and oxidative stress parameters in Surti buffaloes.Materials and Methods:Ten lactating Surti buffaloes of similar physiological status were selected. Based on the temperature-humidity index (THI), their natural exposure to the environment was categorized as hot dry (THI1), hot humid (THI2) and moderate winter/comfort season (THI3). Blood/serum samples were collected and analyzed for physiological, hematological, biochemical, and oxidative stress parameters. The results were analyzed using standard statistical methods.Results:With increase in THI, significant rise in physiological parameters such as respiration rate (RR), hematological parameters such as red blood cell (RBC), hematocrit, hemoglobin (Hb) and mean cell Hb concentration (MCHC), biochemical parameters such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Na, K, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, Mn, Cu and Zn, hormones such as cortisol and oxidative stress parameters such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxide (LPO) and total antioxidant status (TAS) and significant decline in glucose, cholesterol and triiodothyronine (T3) was observed.Conclusion:It was concluded that THI is a sensitive indicator of heat stress and is impacted by ambient temperature more than the relative humidity in buffaloes. Higher THI is associated with significantly increased RR, total RBC count, Hb, hematocrit, MCHC, ALT, urea, sodium, creatinine, triiodothyronine, SOD, GPx, LPO and TAS and with significant decrease in glucose, cholesterol and triiodothyronine (T3).

Aim:The study was undertaken to find out the changes in hematobiochemical profile in post-partum Surti goats.Materials and Methods:The present study was conducted on 40 Surti goats out of which 20 goats who had undergone recent parturition acted as treatment group and 20 non-pregnant animals comprised control group. Blood samples were collected from the treatment group on 0, 7, 14, 21, 30, and 45 days post kidding and once from the control group. Blood samples were analyzed for hematological parameters such as hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), differential leukocyte count, and biochemical metabolites such as total protein (TP), albumin, globulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), glucose, and urea.Results:Hb level was the highest on the 45th day and lowest on the day of parturition. Significantly low level of Hb, PCV, and lymphocyte was found on 0 day and significantly high level was found on the 45th day. TEC was also low on the 0 day and high on the 45th day post kidding, but the difference was non-significant. Mid-sized cells and granulocyte percentage decreased significantly from 0 to 45th day post-partum. TP, albumin, and urea were found to be lowest on 0 day and highest on 45th day post-partum. Urea concentration increased parallel to TP indicating an increase in urea production with catabolism of protein. The globulin concentration also increased from 0 to 45th day post-partum, but the difference was non-significant. TC, TG, and NEFA were the highest on 0 day and lowest on the 45th day post-partum. Decrease in TC and TG from 0 to 45th day post-partum indicates that the animals utilized the lipids for the supply of energy for milk production. High level of NEFA acts as an indicator of negative energy status but in the present study, the high glucose level on 0 day indicates that the animals were in positive energy status. The glucose concentration decreased up to 14th day post-partum and then started increasing from 21st day onward.Conclusion:Hematobiochemical parameters are indicative of health status of animals. Significantly low values of Hb, PCV, and TLC during first 2 weeks post-partum are indicative of stress. Catabolism of protein occurred during 2 weeks post-partum, as observed from increase in urea concentration. Decrease TGs and high level of NEFA during the transition period are suggestive of utilization of lipids for the supply of energy. High glucose level on 0 day indicates that the animals were in positive energy status.

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Aim:The aim was to assess the effects of fetal bovine serum (FBS) and estrus buffalo serum (EBS) on in vitro maturation rate of oocytes in buffalo.Materials and Methods:Maturation rate of oocytes was assessed in two maturation media supplemented with 20% FBS and EBS. Oocytes maturation rate was evaluated on the basis of cumulus cell expansion and extrusion of polar body after 24 h of in vitro culture in CO2 incubator.Results:The average percentage of in vitro matured oocytes in FBS was 83.80%, and EBS was 77.45%, respectively. The results revealed a significant (p<0.05) increase in maturation rate of oocytes in FBS than EBS.Conclusion:Buffalo oocytes were better in vitro matured in FBS than EBS.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of exposure at different doses of acephate on hematology, blood biochemistry, oxidative stress and immune system of Wistar rats. The experiment was carried out on 40 Wistar rats, which were divided in four groups. Animals of the three treatment groups were given with different sublethal doses (1/40th, 1/20th, 1/10th of lethal dose 50 value) of acephate by oral gavage. The hematology, blood biochemistry, oxidative stress marker, humoral immune response and cell-mediated immunity were evaluated following acephate exposure. Significant alteration in hematological parameters was not observed following different doses of acephate; however, significant alteration in alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase, acetyl cholinesterase, lipid peroxidase and superoxide dismutase was observed in medium- and high-dose group animals. Nonsignificant decrease in antibody titer in animals exposed to high dose has been observed compared with animals of control group. However, significant alteration in cell-mediated immunity was not observed in animals treated with acephate at different doses.

Study was undertaken to investigate the effect of single and twin kidding on blood bio-chemical, hormonal profiles and production performance of 14 goats. The animals were divided into group1 (single kid, n=7) and group 2 (twin kids, n= 7). The blood samples were collected on 0, 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 day of parturition for analysis of blood profiles. Milk yield and fat% were also recorded on different test days. Serum glucose, albumin, BUN and cholesterol was higher in twin bearing dam; however, it was not significantly (P<0.05) different. Overall total protein and NEFA was higher in singlet bearing goats on 0 and 45 days of parturition. Cortisol was significantly (P<0.05) higher in singlet bearing goats initially (7d) during kidding, however overall cortisol level was higher in twin bearing dams, indicating fast recovery of stress in singlet bearing goats. Level of estrogen was also higher in twin bearing goats. Milk yield was significantly higher in twin bearing goats. It was therefore inferred that kidding pattern had a marked influence on blood profiles and production performance in Surti goats.

The weekly serum profile of trace elements (Cu, Co, Zn, Fe and Mn) studied from 45 day to 120 day postpartum in 18 acyclic surti buffaloes with GnRH alone and GnRH along with vitamin A, D 3 , E and toldimphos sodium preparation treatment revealed that the levels of most elements varied non-significantly between treatments (T 1 and T 2) and control (T 3) groups during different weeks postpartum and even within the group between intervals postpartum. The overall mean serum copper, cobalt, zinc, iron and manganese values in T 1 , T 2 and control (T 3) groups were 1.41±0.03, 1.42±0.03 and 1.29±0.03 ppm; 0.61±0.02, 0.62±0.02 and 0.61±0.04 ppm; 1.66±0.13, 1.78±0.12 and 1.60±0.09 ppm; 3.21±0.06, 3.28±0.04 and 3.24±0.08 ppm; 0.146±0.007, 0.153±0.008 and 0.142±0.022 ppm, respectively. In the study, no differences found in serum trace minerals levels between treated and control groups at different time intervals except in mean copper concentration at 14 th and 21 st day with 0 day and 7 th day in the GnRH treated (T 1 and T 2) group. It was found that control group mean copper values were differ significantly from GnRH treated (T 1 and T 2) groups at 7 th , 14 th and 21 st day, respectively. However, the mean copper values were placed within the normal physiological range. Moreover, microelements cannot be synthesized in the body. Hence, at last it was concluded that trace elements should be daily supplied in the field and in organized farms as mineral mixture to suffice the requirement of the trace elements.

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