The weekly serum profile of trace elements (Cu, Co, Zn, Fe and Mn) studied from 45 day to 120 day postpartum in 18 acyclic surti buffaloes with GnRH alone and GnRH along with vitamin A, D 3 , E and toldimphos sodium preparation treatment revealed that the levels of most elements varied non-significantly between treatments (T 1 and T 2) and control (T 3) groups during different weeks postpartum and even within the group between intervals postpartum. The overall mean serum copper, cobalt, zinc, iron and manganese values in T 1 , T 2 and control (T 3) groups were 1.41±0.03, 1.42±0.03 and 1.29±0.03 ppm; 0.61±0.02, 0.62±0.02 and 0.61±0.04 ppm; 1.66±0.13, 1.78±0.12 and 1.60±0.09 ppm; 3.21±0.06, 3.28±0.04 and 3.24±0.08 ppm; 0.146±0.007, 0.153±0.008 and 0.142±0.022 ppm, respectively. In the study, no differences found in serum trace minerals levels between treated and control groups at different time intervals except in mean copper concentration at 14 th and 21 st day with 0 day and 7 th day in the GnRH treated (T 1 and T 2) group. It was found that control group mean copper values were differ significantly from GnRH treated (T 1 and T 2) groups at 7 th , 14 th and 21 st day, respectively. However, the mean copper values were placed within the normal physiological range. Moreover, microelements cannot be synthesized in the body. Hence, at last it was concluded that trace elements should be daily supplied in the field and in organized farms as mineral mixture to suffice the requirement of the trace elements.

Postpartum suboestrous surti buffaloes of an organized farm confirmed by twice per-rectal palpation 11 days apart from 45 days post-partum were treated with 2 ml (500 g) of inj. cloprostenol sodium I/M route in first group (n=6) and 2 ml (500 g) of inj. cloprostenol sodium I/M route along with 5 ml inj. Vit. AD 3 E preparation and 15 ml inj. Toldimphos sodium preparation I/M route in second group (n=6) on 55 days postpartum after confirmation of ovarian cyclicity. Six animals of same status were kept as control to see the oestrus induction response and conception rate including weekly evaluation of blood biochemical profile just before (0 day) treatment and 24 hr, 48 hr and 72 hr after treatment. The service period and oestrus induction interval in days was found significantly lower in PGF 2  treated (T 1 and T 3) groups as compared to T 2 and control (T 4) group clearly showed the luteolytic effect of PGF 2  on ovaries and earlier resumption of ovarian activities as compared to treatment (T 2) and control groups. The mean serum glucose, total protein, cholesterol, calcium and phosphorus levels of suboestrous surti buffaloes did not differ significantly within all the treatment and control groups and also between all the treatment and control groups at 0 hr, 24 hr, 48 hr and 72 hr interval including overall mean values in all the groups.

This investigation was aimed to study the influence of buck and PGF2α treatment on estrus synchronization in Surti does. Apparently healthy non-pregnant Surti does (n=18) were identified from the flock by Ultrasonography. They were evenly divided into 3 groups, 6 does in each group. The does of Treatment T1 group were teased with a sexually-active-apronized buck; the does of Treatment T2 group were treated with PGF2α, i.e., Inj. Lutalyse® @ 7.5 mg/doe IM twice, i.e. on day 0th and 11th, while the does of Control group T3 were kept without any treatment. The behavioural estrus was successfully synchronized by double injection of PGF2α at 11 days apart, as well as by buck effect in T2 and T1 groups, respectively. The induction of estrus was observed cent per cent in all the groups within one month. The mean time intervals between start of treatment and onset of estrus differed significantly between T1 (5.83±2.20 d) and T3 (14.67±2.76 d) groups. However, the mean duration of estrus was 29.83±0.91, 27.50±1.23 and 28.67±1.28 hrs and the mean number of services per conception was found 1.33±0.33, 1.50±0.50 and 1.33±0.33 for T1, T2 and T3 groups of Surti does, respectively, none differ significantly (p>0.05) between the groups. There was no significant difference in conception rates at first service amongst the groups (83.33%). The 17 does among 18 does (94.44 %) from all the three groups conceived within three services, irrespective of treatment groups. It was found that the buck effect appeared to be as effective as conventional PGF2α treatment in Surti does for synchronization of estrus

No abstract

Data on 26 bulls of Kankrej cattle (birth date from 2006 to 2017) inducted at a semen station from 2010 to 2020 were analyzed to study the effects of season and year of birth on age, body weight and scrotal circumference of bull at first semen collection. The overall least-squares means for age, body weight, and scrotal circumference of bulls at first semen collection were 1122.36 ± 86.9 days, 537.69 ± 10.51 kg and 30.86 ± 1.60 cm. Non-genetic factors like season and year of birth did not contribute significantly (p>0.05) to these parameters’ variations. Results of the study revealed well adaptation of Kankrej cattle breed to seasonal changes and farm management took care of yearly variation in such a way that age, body weight and scrotal circumference of Kankrej bulls at first semen collection did not vary significantly.

The serum progesterone and estradiol profiles during synchronization of estrus by buck effect and PGF2α treatments were monitored in Surti does. Total eighteen non-pregnant does selected were evenly divided into 3 groups, 6 does in each group. The does of Group I were teased with a sexuallyactive- apronized buck; and those of Group II were treated with PGF2α, i.e., Inj. Lutalyse® @ 7.5 mg/doe IM twice 11 days apart, while the Group III served as untreated control. Blood samples were collected from all the animals on day 0 (before 1st PGF2α injection), 3rd day (during treatment), 11th day (before 2nd PGF2α injection), 14th day (after treatment) and 40th day (post-service) by jugular vein puncture. The serum separated was stored at -20°C till further analysis. In all the three groups, 83.33% does, conceived at first service in the sampling cycle. The overall mean serum progesterone concentration of Group I does (5.82±0.72 ng/ml) was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) as compared to Group II (2.93±0.38 ng/ml) and III (2.88±0.30 ng/ml). Similarly, the overall mean serum progesterone concentration of Surti does on day 0 (2.65±0.46 ng/ml), 3rd (2.56±0.80 ng/ml), 11th (4.45±0.84 ng/ml) and 14th (3.40±0.63 ng/ml) did not differ significantly, but the overall mean level at day 40 (6.31±0.45 ng/ml) was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher, because most of animals became pregnant at that time. The overall mean serum oestradiol-17β levels of Group I (24.40±2.98 pg/ ml) was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than in Group II (15.77±1.77 pg/ml) and III (12.21±1.45 pg/ ml). On the other hand, the overall mean serum oestradiol-17β levels of Surti does on day 0 (12.89±1.21 pg/ml), 3rd (15.84±1.74 pg/ml), 11th (14.81±1.96 pg/ml), 14th (22.15±2.97 pg/ml) and 40th (21.64±5.16 pg/ml) did not differ significantly (p>0.05) and the slightly higher overall mean level found at 40th day might be the influence of the non-pregnant does at first service in the cumulative animals. The hormonal profile reflected the initiation of cyclicity and establishment of pregnancy in treated and control animals.

Reproductive problems in buffaloes are of significant economic concern in dairy farming. Maximizing reproductive efficiency is the goal in dairy herds for better economics return. So, present work was conducted with an aim to know the incidence of periparturient problems usually found in buffaloes during the transition period. Out of total 99 adult head of Surti buffaloes on the farm, 79 calving were noted which revealed no incidence (0.00 %) of abortion, dystocia, retention of foetal membrane and postpartum genital prolapse, however, prepartum prolapse and still birth were observed in 2 (2.53 %) and 7 (8.86 %) animals, respectively, thus overall periparturient disorders was recorded as 11.39 per cent in Surti buffaloes.

: Post-partum suboestrous surti buffaloes of an organized farm confirmed by twice per-rectal palpation 11 days apart from 45 days post-partum were treated with 2 ml (500 g) of inj. cloprostenol sodium I/M route in first group (n=6) and 2 ml (500 g) of inj. cloprostenol sodium I/M route along with 5 ml inj. Vit. AD 3 E preparation and 15 ml inj. Toldimphos sodium preparation I/M route in second group (n=6) on 55 days postpartum after confirmation of ovarian cyclicity. Six animals of same status were kept as control to see the oestrus induction response and conception rate including evaluation of serum progesterone, just before (0 day) treatment and 24 hr, 48 hr and 72 hr after treatment. The service period and oestrus induction interval in days was found significantly lower in PGF 2  treated (T 1 and T 3 ) groups as compared to T 2 and control group which clear cut showed the luteolytic effect of PGF 2  on ovaries and earlier resumption of ovarian activities as compared to treatment (T 2 ) and control groups. Statistical analysis of the data generated in respect of the treatment on the progesterone concentration of the blood serum did not show any significant difference among the four groups of suboestrus surti buffaloes at 0 hr (prior to the treatment) and at 24 hr (post-treatment). Moreover, the mean serum progesterone values at 48 and 72 hr post-treatment between T 1 and T 3 (PGF 2  treated) groups as well as between treatment T 2 (Vit+P) and T 4 group (Control) did not differ significantly. However, the mean serum progesterone levels of T 1 and T 3 (PGF 2  treated) groups differed significantly from T 2 and T 4 groups at 48 and 72 hr post-treatment.