Cataract is considered a major cause of visual impairment in diabetic patients as the incidence and progression of cataract is elevated in patients with diabetes mellitus. The pathogenesis of diabetic cataract development is still not fully understood. Due to increasing numbers of type 1 and type 2 diabetics worldwide, the incidence of diabetic cataracts steadily rises. Even though cataract surgery, the most common ophthalmic procedure worldwide, is an effective cure, the elucidation of patho- mechanisms to delay or prevent the development of cataract in diabetic patients remains a challenge. Furthermore, patients with diabetes mellitus have higher complication rates from cataract surgery. Both diabetes and cataract pose an enormous health and economic burden, particularly in developing countries, where diabetes treatment is insufficient and cataract surgery often inaccessible. Hence the objective of the study was to assess the antioxidant levels and calcium levels in different stages of cataract. Our study showed a significant reduction in lens antioxidant activity with significantly increased calcium levels in mature stage of cataract, suggesting decreased antioxidant activity plays an important role in diabetic cataract by causing deposition of calcium in lens. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v6i1.5290
Introduction: Human obesity is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease. Cystatin C is a
naturally occurring protease inhibitor and marker of cardiovascular disease. The atherogenic indices are
used as an index for cardiac risk stratification. Objectives: To estimate the serum levels of Cystatin C
in individuals with normal BMI, and obese, aged between 20-39 Yrs and to compare the levels of
Cystatin C among these individuals and to correlate the levels of serum Cystatin C with atherogenic
index of plasma and other indices. Methodology: The study population was taken from healthy
volunteers of Mysore city, aged between 20-39 years of either sex. The study population was divided
into 2 groups based on BMI. Each group contains sample size of 60. Fasting serum sample was analyzed
for Total Cholesterol, TG, LDL-Cholesterol and HDL cholesterol by enzymatic method and serum
Cystatin-C by immune-turbidimetric method using auto-analyser. Statistical Analysis: Analysis of
Variance [ANOVA] was used to compare the serum levels of Cystatin C in the two groups. To correlate
the serum Cystatin C with atherogenic indices for predicting the cardiovascular risk factors, Pearson’s
correlation co-efficient was worked out. Results: The mean serum cystatin C levels in normal BMI
group are 0.7±0.03 mg/L, and in Obese group 1.15±0.09 mg/(p value less than 0.001).In the study serum
Cystatin C showed a positive correlation with serum triglycerides (r=0.7), Atherogenic index of
plasma(AIP ) (r=0.80), TCHOL: HDL (Castelli’s Risk Index I) (r=0.71), HDL: LDL(Castelli’s Risk
Index II) (r=0.70) respectively and Atherogenic coefficient (AC) {(NonHDLc)/HDLc}( r=0.60) and
negative correlation with serum HDL(r=-0.52) Conclusion: Several indices had been derived from lipid
profiles to establish an index for predicting the risk of having coronary event. The atherogenic index of
plasma was strongly correlated with the Cystatin C, hence AIP can be used as better index for predicting
the preclinical cardiovascular disease because of cost effectiveness in estimation of Cystatin C.
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