This article criticises the ontological assumptions outlined in Colin Hay's recent book Political Analysis (2002). It takes issue with Hay's interpretation of critical realism, in particular his reading of the work of Margaret Archer. Furthermore, it is suggested that Hay's understanding of the structure‐agency relationship contains weaknesses which have implications for both his theoretical and empirically‐based work. It is argued that a more robust concept of social structure may be required to support the kind of critical political analysis Hay aspires to.
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