Moreira MAR, Longato-Filho A, Taromaru E, Queiroz G, Jubé LF, Pinto SA, Schmitt FC. Investigation of human papillomavirus by hybrid capture II in cervical carcinomas including 113 adenocarcinomas and related lesions. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2006;16:586-590.Hybrid capture is an easy and highly sensitive technique for screening population due to its capacity to detect malignant and premalignant lesions of the cervix. To evaluate its sensitivity, we investigated the frequency of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and its correlation with glandular malignant lesions, analyzing a total of 113 cases of adenocarcinomas and related lesions. High-risk HPV was investigated using a hybrid capture II (HC2) assay. Samples were collected in two different ways: either brushed directly from surgical specimens before fixation or collected from the patients. We also investigated the frequency of HPV in squamous malignant lesions, 65 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and 66 in situ squamous cell carcinomas (ISSCC), to compare the occurrence of HPV for these lesions. The 113 glandular lesions comprised 62 invasive adenocarcinomas (IAC), 8 in situ adenocarcinomas (ISAC), 26 IAC plus SCC, and 17 adenosquamous cells carcinomas (ASCC). The HPV-positive reactions were as follows: 51 (82.2%) in IAC, 8 (100%) in ISAC, 25 (96.1%) in IAC plus SCC, and 14 (82.3%) in ASCC. HC2-positive results in the squamous malignant lesions were as follows: 58 of 63 (89.0%) for SCC and 94 of 103 (91.2%) for ISSCC.High-risk HPV infection was quite similar for glandular and pure squamous invasive malignant lesions, 82.2% and 89.0%, respectively, indicating that high-risk HPV is also highly prevalent in glandular lesions. Although hybrid capture proved to be an excellent adjunctive technique, we do not believe its results merit replacing the Pap smear as a screening tool.KEYWORDS: adenocarcinoma, cervical intraepithelial lesion, HPV, hybrid capture II, squamous cells carcinoma.Cervical cancer is distributed throughout the world, afflicting 500,000 women annually. The most important risk factor for the development of this condition is the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. It is believed that 80% of primary cancers begin from preexisting squamous dysplasia. With respect to glandular epithelium malignancies, adenocarcinomas account for about 20% of invasive carcinomas, which probably arise from in situ adenocarcinomas (ISAC) (1) .Interestingly, the incidence of adenocarcinoma is increasing mainly in developed countries (1,2) , and it is currently thought to be more significant in large cities due to the increased probability of HPV infections.Glandular malignant lesions, namely, ISAC, are frequently overlooked because clinical, colposcopic, and cytologic parameters are unfamiliar and bypassed by concomitant squamous alterations. Additionally, more than 50% of ISAC are mixed diseases with a squamous lesion counterpart (3) . Indeed, traditional methods have poor sensitivity to detect precursor lesions of glandular carcinomas. HPV status has a significant ...
Objective: Asthma prevalence and morbidity are disproportionately higher among youth with lower socioeconomic status (SES). Examination of subjective social status (SSS) may improve understanding of associations between SES and health outcomes in pediatric asthma. Method: Fifty adolescents with asthma (Mage = 13.2 years, SD = 1.23; 54% male; 55.1% African American) completed the MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status—Youth Version, Daily Life Stressors Scale, Children’s Depression Inventory—Short Form, Adolescent Sleep-Wake Scale—short version, and Asthma Control Test during the baseline visit of a study of health behaviors. Body mass index z scores (BMIz) were calculated using height and weight obtained during the visits. Hierarchical linear regressions examined associations between SSS and psychosocial and physical health outcomes, controlling for caregiver-reported objective SES. Results: Caregiver-reported objective SES was not associated with adolescent SSS. SSS−society was associated with daily stress (b = −3.14), t(47) = −2.13, p = .033; asthma control (β = .34, p = .045); BMIz (β = .38, p = .013); and sleep quality (β = .49, p = .001). SSS−community was associated with daily stress (b = −3.76), t(46) = −3.07, p = .002, and sleep quality (β = .36, p = .010). SSS was not associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Adolescents’ SSS may not always reflect caregiver’s objective SES. Perceived social status may play a role in the experience of daily stress, asthma control, BMIz, and sleep quality among adolescents with asthma. SSS may offer a novel means of assessing health disparities in pediatric asthma.
Objective: Increased rates of pediatric obesity extend into early childhood. There have been increasing calls for intervention programs specifically designed to address obesity in preschool-age youth. A review of the literature is critical to guide intervention and future research. The objective of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials examining the efficacy of lifestyle modification interventions to address overweight and obesity in preschool-age children. Method: Six electronic databases were searched for articles through December 8, 2020. After screening articles for inclusion criteria, 14 articles with 12 randomized, controlled trials (41 effect sizes, 2,525 participants) were included in this meta-analysis. Weighted-standardized mean differences for body mass index-related variables were calculated using random-effects models to estimate effect sizes. Risk of bias assessment was conducted. Results: There was a statistically significant impact of the interventions on child weight outcomes. Cohen's d was .32 (95% CI [.09, .55]). The quality of evidence was assigned a "low" GRADE rating. Conclusions: Lifestyle modification interventions for overweight and obesity in preschool-age children produce small but significant changes in child weight status. However, few new trials have been published in the last 5 years and the quality of evidence in this area is low, limiting confidence in the estimates and the power to examine potential moderator effects. Additional quality, randomized, control trials that report study information consistent with consort guidelines, use intent-totreatment procedures, assess and report health behaviors and treatment adherence to explore mechanisms of change, and examine sustained effects of interventions are needed.
Objective: Despite long-standing participation of youth with T1D in research, clinical trials often fail to meet recruitment goals. The current study examined youth, young adult, and caregiver barriers and facilitators of participation in clinical research. Methods: Participants were recruited online nationally and in-clinic from two diabetes clinics in the U.S. Self-report surveys of research participation, barriers, and interests were obtained; HbA1c was collected via chart review. Results: Young adults (N=83; Mage=22.2±2.1; MA1c=7.6±1.5) and caregivers (N=81; Mage=45.3±7.8) via online surveys; and, adolescents (N=16; Mage=14.8±1.7; MA1c=9.1±2.2), young adults (N=10; Mage=20.9±2.2; MA1c=8.7±2.4), and caregivers (N=26; Mage=43.4±9.2) via routine diabetes clinic visits participated. Barriers to enrollment in included: missing school or work, potential unwanted side effects, location, time, and limited information. Over half of online participants (54%) reported lack of discussion with their physician about clinical trials, while 46.9% of in-clinic participants indicated their provider never or almost never discussed clinical research. Highest-rated research interests included: finding a cure, new technology, and closed-loop research. Among caregivers (online cohort), preference for the youth’s provider to discuss clinical trials during clinic visits was correlated with HbA1c% (r=0.302, p<.01); caregivers of youth with higher HbA1c indicated stronger desire to learn about research. This relationship was not significant among young adults (r=-0.06, ns). Conclusions: Youth, young adults, and caregivers expressed interest in learning more about research, yet identified logistical barriers to participation. Education and outreach are needed. Tailored multi-modal recruitment strategies (e.g., online for young adults; via events/provider for caregivers) may help overcome barriers to participation. Disclosure S.C. Westen: None. L.M. Anderson: None. S.A. Barry: None. S. Look: None. S. Pinto: None. A. Albanese-O'Neill: None. C.A. Kemp: None. M.J. Haller: Advisory Panel; Self; Pancreum, SAB Biotherapeutics. J.L. Papadakis: None. D. Schatz: None. B.T. Olsen: None. D.M. Janicke: None. J. Weissberg-Benchell: Consultant; Self; Roche Diabetes Care. N. Johnson: None. Funding JDRF
Background Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors’ increased risk for adverse health outcomes could be mitigated through consuming a balanced diet. Nonetheless, >70% of adult survivors do not meet survivorship dietary recommendations. ALL treatment may amplify risk for restricted dietary preferences (picky eating) and poor self‐regulation of food intake that could contribute to suboptimal diets in survivorship. This study aims to: (a) characterize differences in picky eating and self‐regulation of food intake between survivors and peer controls; and (b) examine the associations between these eating behaviors and dietary quality in ALL survivors relative to peer controls. Methods Participants were children (5‐13 years) with (n = 32) and without (n = 32) a history of ALL and their caregivers. Children's dietary quality (Healthy Eating Index‐2015) was calculated from 24‐h dietary recalls. Caregivers completed the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire‐Food Fussiness subscale and the Child Self‐Regulation in Eating Questionnaire. Results Independent samples t‐tests revealed survivors exhibited greater picky eating than peer controls but comparable self‐regulation of food intake. Bootstrapped grouped multivariate regression results showed that for ALL survivors, greater picky eating was associated with worse dietary quality (controlling for age and self‐regulation of food intake). For peer controls, worse self‐regulation of food intake was associated with poorer dietary quality (controlling for picky eating and age). Conclusions Results provide preliminary support that different eating behaviors contribute to poor dietary quality in children with and without an ALL history. These findings suggest that interventions to improve ALL survivors’ dietary quality may benefit targeting picky eating.
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