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Pesticides are a complex mixture of chemicals used to protect crops from a number of pests and diseases. They have been considered as potential mutagenic agents. This study aims at evaluation of the mutagenic effect of pesticide exposure to agricultural workers through chromosomal aberrations (CA) and micronucleus (MN) assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes and oral mucosal cells, respectively. The exposed group was consisted with 97 farmers, while the control (un-exposed) group consisted of 55. The results showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in frequency of CA and MN in the exposed group. Both CA and MN profiles were linked to a significant (p < 0.05) co-relation with the confounding factors such as smoking habits, alcohol, vegetables, tea/coffee, vitamins, and sweetener consumptions. More cytogenetic events were denoted in smoking and alcohol consumption as well as non-personal protective equipment (non-PPE) and low/no vegetables user farmers. In conclusion, a deficiency of dietary and medicaments-derived antioxidants, while consumption of alcohol and tobacco, as well as effects of radiation, heavy metal poisoning (especially from sweeteners), and non-PPE using habits, may contribute cytogenetic damage to the workers.

Morinda citrifolia ((Family: Rubiaceae)) is extensively used in traditional medicine due to its antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antitumoral, and anti-hypertensive activities. However, there is no substantial data about hepatotoxic and toxicogenetic effects. This study evaluated biochemical changes and hepatotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects of aqueous extract of the fruit of M. citrifolia (AEMC) in liver, bone marrow, and peripheral blood cells. Animals (Rattus novergicus, 5 males and 5 females) were divided into negative control, positive control (Cyclophosphamide 25 mg/kg), and AEMC (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg, by gavage). AEMC induced increase of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), especially at 10 mg/kg in female (174.8 ± 50.7, 221.4 ± 24.6, and 174.7 ± 14.3 U/L) and male (156.5 ± 21.6, 183.7 ± 21.5, and 147.3 ± 17.8 U/L) (p<0.05). Histological analysis of livers showed inflammatory cell infiltration, nuclear fragmentation, microvacuolization, cellular swelling, points of inflammatoy necrosis, and discrete microvesicular steatosis. DNA damage in hepatocytes was found in both genders, mainly at 10 mg/kg (Frequency of Damage: 78.1 ± 4.5 and 70.4 ± 7.3%; Index of Damage: 107.6 ± 14.2 and 136.0 ± 26.9 for male and female, respectively). Similar results were observed in bone marrow cells. The AEMC 5 and 10 mg/kg induced micronucleus formation (4.4 ± 0.8 and 7.8 ± 1.1; 7.4 ± 1.1 and 9.6 ± 1.4 for peripheral blood and bone marrow cells, respectively) (p<0.05). These findings suggest clastogenic and/or aneugenic effects and genetic instability activated by AEMC, indicating precaution regarding the consumption of formulations or folk preparations based on this plant.

This study aimed to evaluate DNA damage in patients with breast cancer before treatment (background) and after chemotherapy (QT) and radiotherapy (RT) treatment using the Comet assay in peripheral blood and the micronucleus test in buccal cells. We also evaluated repair of DNA damage after the end of RT, as well as the response of patient's cells before treatment with an oxidizing agent (H2O2; challenge assay). Fifty women with a mammographic diagnosis negative for cancer (control group) and 100 women with a diagnosis of breast cancer (followed up during the treatment) were involved in this study. The significant DNA damage was observed by increasing in the index and frequency of damage along with the increasing of the frequency of micronuclei in peripheral blood and cells of the buccal mucosa, respectively. Despite the variability of the responses of breast cancer patients, the individuals presented lesions on the DNA, detected by the Comet assay and micronucleus Test, from the diagnosis until the end of the oncological treatment and were more susceptible to oxidative stress. We can conclude that the damages were due to clastogenic and/or aneugenic effects related to the neoplasia itself and that they increased, especially after RT.

Os autores apresentam um caso raro de hemangioendotelioma epitelióide hepático multicêntrico de uma paciente oligossintomática, tratada inicialmente com ressecção e alcoolização. Na sua recidiva, foi submetida à radioablação. Revisando a literatura, os autores concluem que a ressecção permanece como o principal tratamento, associada ou não a métodos ablativos, e que o transplante tem indicação na doença multinodular bilateral.

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RESUMO:O atual trabalho teve como alvo realizar levantamento das perdas das variedades de manga no mercado varejista da região do Vale do São Francisco, bem como suas causas e providências a serem tomadas. Para tal análise, foram feitas pesquisas, visitações e aplicação de entrevistas nos canais varejistas (supermercado, hortifrúti e feira livre). Os resultados evidenciaram que a perda de manga, semanalmente, corresponde em média 14% da variedade Tommy Atkins, 7% da Rosa, 12% da variedade Palmer, 17% da Espada e 14% de outras variedades encontradas (Keit, Kent e Handen). Os hortifrútis, por serem os principais mercados varejistas, são predominantes também como o canal que mais perde (15,88% das suas variedades de manga adquiridas). Os canais varejistas referiram-se diferentemente dos principais causadores de perdas de manga. Para os supermercados e as feiras livres foi identificada a excessiva manipulação do fruto por parte do cliente como o principal causador de perda (33,33% para os supermercados e 46,43% para as feiras). Já para os hortifrútis, a rápida maturação da fruta foi a principal causa, cerca de 58,62%. O controle de compra, a educação dos clientes e a melhoria dos locais de armazenamento são ajustes prioritários a serem tomados conforme cada rede varejista. Sendo assim, considera-se que a os canais mais tradicionais da região do Vale do São Francisco necessitam desenvolver melhor sua distribuição de manga para os clientes, a fim de reduzir as perdas de qualidade e também monetárias. PALAVRA-CHAVE:Manga; Mercado; Perdas; Varejo.