Maxillary sinus floor augmentation has been used for occlusal rehabilitation with prosthetic appliances installed over dental implants in the posterior maxilla despite the fact that this region often presents loss of alveolar bone and increased maxillary sinus pneumatization, particularly when all of the molars are absent. The shortage and quality of the remaining bone often implies a challenge when rehabilitating with dental implants. Different kinds of grafts have been used in an endeavour to solve these problems. The aim of this study is to find out if there is a significant difference in the bone formation between the 6 th -and the 9 thmonth periods after sinus lift grafting with a calcium-phosphate paste (Maxresorb inj. (Botiss Dental, Berlin, Germany)). For this purpose а bilateral sinus lift has been made by own methodology. Results showed no significant difference in the percentage of newly formed bone in the sixth and the ninth month, which warrants the dental implants to be placed on the sixth month post-sinus lifting.

Pneumatization of the maxillary sinus leads to posterior root displacement into the sinus cavity associated with potential complications following extraction of these teeth. Objectives. The aim of the present study is to assess the relationship between the apices of maxillary posterior teeth and the floor of the maxillary sinus.Materials and methods.The study involved a retrospective randomized analysis of 245 scans of the maxilla, 465 scans of sinuses and 960 scans of teeth and their relationship to the maxillary sinus. The distance between root apices and the maxillary sinus floor was measured and the measurements featured canines, premolars and molars. Results. 746 teeth, out of the 960 teeth examined, were in dangerous proximity to the maxillary sinus, 156 of which penetrated the sinus cavity at different depths. Conclusions. In patients from the Varna region maxillary second molars appeared to be the most common teeth to project into the sinus and when extracting these teeth dental clinicians must be particularly cautious for possible complications related to this problem.

Objective: Endodontic surgery is a standard procedure which enhances the retention* survival rate of many teeth which can not be treated only endodontically (inaccessibility to the apical part of the root by a coronal approach due to posts, root fractures, separated instruments in root canals, calcified and tortuous root canals, dens in dente, , etc.). Endodontic surgery can be applied both to the anterior and posterior regions on the maxilla and mandibula . In posterior regions the surgical procedure is more difficult due to anatomical conditions (maxillary sinus, mandibular canal, number of root canals, inaccessible posterior oral cavity, etc). Aim: To present a difficult clinical case where endodontic surgery was chosen as the most -convenient method for treatment because by the routine endodontic treatment is not possible to remove a separated instrument in the periapical lesion. Methods: The endodontic treatment was performed on tooth #36, followed by endodontic obturation of the root canal system. In two days an apicoectomy without retrograde filling was performed. Results: One year after the apicoectomy there is complete healing of the periapical lesion with new bone formation and no symptoms in the patient.

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Objectives: The most common pathologic processes of jaws with inflammatory origin from necrotic dental pulp are periapical lesions. Periradicular granuloma and radicular cyst are the most important lesions, which can be seen in the teeth with necrotic pulp or improper root canal therapy Various clinical methods have been used in attempts to differentiate a periradicular granuloma from a periradicular cyst. The only accurate way to distinguish these two entitles is by histologic examination. This study presents a clinical case of an extensive periapical lesion of endodontic origin, suggestive of peripheral radicular cyst of tooth #46. Methods: The endodontic treatment was performed on tooth #46, the dressing with calcium hydroxide paste was renewed on a two-week basis for 2 months, followed by endodontic obturation of the root canal system. Results: After one year of conventional endodontic treatment the patient is without any signs of recurrence.

INTRODUCTION:The aim of this study was to assess the reduced length implants as an alternative of conventional length implants in combination with bone augmentation. The following criteria were observed: survival rate, marginal bone loss, bleeding on probing.

The aim of this study is to describe different root-end filling materials according to the literature and to compare their antibacterial activity, sealing ability, biocompatibility and microleakage. The purpose of a root-end filling is to establish a seal between the root canal space and the periapical tissues. A number of materials have been suggested for use as root-end fillings, including gutta-percha, amalgam, Cavit, intermediate restorative material (IRM), super EBA, glass ionomers, composite resins, carboxylate cements, zync phosphate cements, zinc oxide-eugenol cements and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA).

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Its prevalence is expected to double in the next 20 years due to the increase in life expectancy. The disease symptoms negatively impact patients' oral and dental health.Dental specialists must be aware of PD clinical manifestations and meet effectively the challenges for office management and homecare.