Maxillary sinus floor augmentation has been used for occlusal rehabilitation with prosthetic appliances installed over dental implants in the posterior maxilla despite the fact that this region often presents loss of alveolar bone and increased maxillary sinus pneumatization, particularly when all of the molars are absent. The shortage and quality of the remaining bone often implies a challenge when rehabilitating with dental implants. Different kinds of grafts have been used in an endeavour to solve these problems. The aim of this study is to find out if there is a significant difference in the bone formation between the 6 th -and the 9 thmonth periods after sinus lift grafting with a calcium-phosphate paste (Maxresorb inj. (Botiss Dental, Berlin, Germany)). For this purpose а bilateral sinus lift has been made by own methodology. Results showed no significant difference in the percentage of newly formed bone in the sixth and the ninth month, which warrants the dental implants to be placed on the sixth month post-sinus lifting.

Pneumatization of the maxillary sinus leads to posterior root displacement into the sinus cavity associated with potential complications following extraction of these teeth. Objectives. The aim of the present study is to assess the relationship between the apices of maxillary posterior teeth and the floor of the maxillary sinus.Materials and methods.The study involved a retrospective randomized analysis of 245 scans of the maxilla, 465 scans of sinuses and 960 scans of teeth and their relationship to the maxillary sinus. The distance between root apices and the maxillary sinus floor was measured and the measurements featured canines, premolars and molars. Results. 746 teeth, out of the 960 teeth examined, were in dangerous proximity to the maxillary sinus, 156 of which penetrated the sinus cavity at different depths. Conclusions. In patients from the Varna region maxillary second molars appeared to be the most common teeth to project into the sinus and when extracting these teeth dental clinicians must be particularly cautious for possible complications related to this problem.

Introduction:The influence of mouth breathing on the development of the dentition and dento-facial deformities is a problem causes concerns among the medical specialists. Mouth breathing has a major impact on the development of the maxillo-facial region, occlusion and muscle tonus.Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between etiological factors, pathogenesis and disturbances in mastication in mouth breathing patients.Material and methods: For this article, data is obtained from 43 medical, literary sources.Results: Literature review demonstrated that mouth breathing habit affects mostly children aged 7 -12 years. In the vast majority of studies, the authors established a relation between mouth breathing and the development of maxillo-facial region and occlusion. The malocclusions described include a distal occlusion, anterior open bite, increase overjet, posterior crossbite, crowding and average incisors inclination disturbances. These clinical conditions become more complicated in the late-mixed and permanent dentition if mouth breathing continues to persist. Conclusion:The habitual mouth breathing is a great medical problem nowadays. An increasing numbers of patients with this condition although the development of technology for early diagnostic is embarrassing. This condition is strongly related with different malocclusions such as anterior open bite, overjet, distal occlusion, underdeveloped and narrow upper jaw, increased anterior facial height.

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ABSTRACT:Modern dentistry demands an interdisciplinary approach in solving severe clinical cases. For a successful prosthetic treatment a number of prior manipulations are required. Rehabilitation of the oral cavity includes professional oral hygiene, repeated treatments of poorly filled root canals and removal of persistent teeth and roots. However, to achieve better conditions for prosthesis, special methods before the procedures are preferred. These methods include the more invasive periodontics and surgical techniques as well as the less invasive orthodontics techniques.

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Development of the dental arches and occlusion in permanent dentition can be divided into several stages and has to be observed regularly. The first permanent molar eruption is related to the onset of significant changes in the developing occlusion. Although this tooth is seen as the "key to occlusion" its value as an anchorage is debatable. The aim of the article is to study the correct position of the upper first molars in the two planes of spacethe sagittal and transverse planes. In this article the position of the first upper molar is examined with the aid of diagnostic records, such as study cast, orthopantomogram (OPG), and lateral cephalometrics. A literature review includes Bulgarian and foreigner authors. Angle, who in 1899 referred to the maxillary first permanent molars as the "key to occlusion", was the first to mention their importance within the dentition. According to Angle, the line passing through the middle of the mesiobuccal cusp of the upper first molar coincides with the line passing through the buccal groove of the lower first molar. After Angle, other authors have discussed the position of upper molars from different point of view, such as their relation or position in the maxilla, anteroposterior axial inclination and rotation. As indicated by Lamons and Holmes molar rotations commonly exist in Class II malocclusions. The molars are usually rotated around an axis lingual to their central fossae. In an ideal occlusion the buccal surfaces of the upper first molars are usually parallel to each other On the OPG Kurol and Bjerklin measured the axial mesial inclination of upper first molar. The tipping of the molars is measured by the angle formed between the tangent line to the mesial surfaces of the root and crown and the line through the lower margins of the left and right orbits. According to Sassouni, the mesial contour of upper first molar should to lie on the 4th arc-the temporal arc. If the molar is anterior to this arc, a treatment with distalization could be initiated. The temporal arcnasion distance measured on the radius is equal to the distance from point ANS to the upper first molar. The position of the upper first molar varies with the position of the upper central incisors. The basic hypothesis is that if the upper first molar has a fixed position in the face, any increase in the total upper dental arch length will be transferred to the incisor area. Any change in the anteroposterior position of the upper first molar could influence the position of the mandibular-leading to Class II malocclusion. Ricketts pointed out that the average distance from the pterygoid vertical (PTV) to the distal surface of upper first molar is the sum of the age of the patient The Importance of Upper First Permanent Molars Position for the Orthognatic Occlusion