ITRODUCTION: Knowledge of the internal dental morphology is a complex and extremely important point for planning and performing of endodontic treatment.CASE REPORT: The subject of this study was a clinical case of a second maxillary molar with five root canals -one canal in the palatal root, one canal in the distobuccal root and three canals in mesiobuccal root.DISCUSSION: Successful root canal treatment depends on proper cleaning, shaping and compact filling of the root canal under aseptic conditions. In order to achieve these, clinicians need to know thoroughly the morphology of the individual root canal and atypical root canal configuration. The mesiobuccal root of the maxillary first molar has generated more research, clinical investigation, and pure frustration than probably any other root in the mouth.CONCLUDING REMARKS: Endodontic research and technology are continually evolving to enable practitioners to identify, disinfect and obturate root canal system predictably and efficiently. Since the ultimate goal for patients and practitioners alike is the retention of natural teeth for a lifetime, endodontic therapy remains, and will continue to be, the primary treatment choice for teeth with pulpal and periradicular pathology.Magnification has been found to increase the detection rate of additional canals from 17,2% with the naked eye, to 62,5% with loupes and 71,1% using the surgical operating microscope.

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INTRODUCTION:The aim of this study was to assess the reduced length implants as an alternative of conventional length implants in combination with bone augmentation. The following criteria were observed: survival rate, marginal bone loss, bleeding on probing.

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One of the main objectives of primary endodontic treatment is the prevention of periapical tissue changes which, in the majority of clinical cases in general practice, does not take place because of the availability of a wide range of precise endodontic instruments. The healing process of the periapical area in teeth with inflammatory bone destruction is still a challenge in contemporary endodontic practice. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the postoperative healing process of teeth with osteolytic defects in the periapical area. Eightynine endodontically treated teeth (n D 89) were included in the study. The teeth with necrotic pulp and without detectable periapical lesions were successfully treated in 92.9% of the cases. All of the incisors, canines and premolars showed significantly higher probabilities of success (97.8%) than molars (90.9%; P D 0.036). In all monitored teeth, the maxillary first molars with periapical index (PAI) 1 (80.2%), mandibular premolars with PAI3 (75%) and mandibular molars with PAI5 (75%) had the lowest rates of treatment success. In this study, the success rate of teeth with pulp necrosis complicated with a periapical lesion was 89.75% (P > 0.05). The analysis of the results from this study confirmed that the exact orthograde retreatment of the cases with osteolytic defects of the periapical area led to satisfactory healing and regeneration in the periapical area.