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Production of protease enzyme by fungus Aspergillus oryzae was investigated. The proteolytic activity was observed when the fungus was grown in the medium containing glucose, malt extract, yeast extract, peptone, K 2 HPO 4 , MgSO 4 and FeSO 4 . The present paper describes the screening of media components and fermentation conditions in shake flask. The organism utilized carbon sources glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, dextrin and starch among them glucose was found to be the best carbon source, for nitrogen sources various inorganic and organic media components were investigated among them peptone is found to be the best nitrogen source. 1% cottonseed followed by 2% Soya bean meal was found to be the best inducer. With optimized media two-fold increase in the protease production. The fungus growth depends on the concentration of carbon, nitrogen and salt solution, where as the enzyme production was also influenced by the culture time, pH and interaction between these two variables.

Chemically, famciclovir (FCV), known as 2-[2-(2-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethyl]-1,3-propanediol diacetate ( Fig. 1) is a novel antiviral drug, which is highly efficient in treatment of acute uncomplicated herpes zoster. It was reported that FCV dosed at 250 mg three times daily for 7 d was effective as 800 mg acyclovir dosed five times daily for 7 d, in the treatment of the acute signs and symptoms of herpes zoster. 1) This drug is also used for the treatment of the ophthalmic zoster.2) FCV is a synthetic guanine derivative, which is metabolized to penciclovir having the potent antiviral activity as another 9-substituted guanine derivative like acyclovir. Penciclovir is active against herpes simplex virus type 2, vericella zoster virus I, Epstein-Barr virus and hepatitis B, 3) as another 9-substituted guanine derivative like acyclovir, penciclovir is selectively phosphorylated in virus-infected cells to a monophosphate ester by thymidine kinase, followed by further phosphorylation to triphosphate ester which inhibits virus DNA polymerases. 4) Compared with acyclovir, penciclovir administration leads to higher triphosphate ester concentrations in virus-infected cells and consequently its antiviral activity persists for a longer time after removal of the compound. 4,5) FCV is absorbed rapidly and extensively after oral administration, and total systemic availability of penciclovir is 77%, 6) which is about four times higher than that of acyclovir.7) Metabolism of FCV involves sequential hydrolysis of both acetyl groups to give 6-deoxypenciclovir, which is subsequently oxidized to penciclovir, 8,9) which was synthesized by Briony Brand et al.10) FCV stability in different buffer solutions was studied by Zhang et al. 11) Since penciclovir is widely used in the antiviral therapy, it is important to develop and validate analytical methods for its determination in pharmaceutical dosage form. The HPLC method has been highly used in the quality control of drugs because of its sensitivity, reproducibility and specificity. On the other hand, the derivative UV spectrophotometric (UVDS) method is very simple, rapid, economical and allows the determination of drugs with sufficient reliability. The present work reports the development and validation of a HPLC method and a UVDS method for the estimation of FCV in tablets. ExperimentalChemicals FCV was kindly supplied by Cipla Laboratories Ltd. (India). Pharmaceutical dosage forms (famtrex ® , varovir ® ) containing FCV was obtained commercially. Methanol, potassium dihydrogenphosphate (A.R. grade), and orthophosphoric acid (A.R. grade) were obtained from Quiligens (Mumbai, India). Ultra pure water was obtained from a Milli-Q ® UF-Plus apparatus (Millipore) and was used to prepare all solutions for the HPLC method and distilled water was used to prepare all solutions for the UVDS method. All solutions were prepared daily.Instrumentation and Analytical Conditions The HPLC method was performed on a Waters HPLC system, equipped with a model binary pump, UV dual absorbance detector (...

Successful recanalization of an RCA CTO resulted in a modest but statistically significant increase in the predominant donor vessel immediately post CTO PCI in the case of iFR and at 4-month follow-up for FFR and iFR compared to pre-PCI with a concomitant reduction in collateral function.

Abstract:The challenge for -omics research is to tackle the problem of fragmentation of knowledge by integrating several sources of heterogeneous information into a coherent entity. It is widely recognized that successful data integration is one of the keys to improve productivity for stored data. Through proper data integration tools and algorithms, researchers may correlate relationships that enable them to make better and faster decisions. The need for data integration is essential for present -omics community, because -omics data is currently spread world wide in wide variety of formats. These formats can be integrated and migrated across platforms through different techniques and one of the important techniques often used is XML. XML is used to provide a document markup language that is easier to learn, retrieve, store and transmit. It is semantically richer than HTML. Here, we describe bio warehousing, database federation, controlled vocabularies and highlighting the XML application to store, migrate and validate -omics data.

Additional Information:• Copyright 2010 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic electronic or print reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modification of the content of the paper are prohibited. This paper can also be found ABSTRACTAlthough CT and MR imaging is now commonplace in the radiology department, few studies have examined complex interpretative tasks such as the reading of multidimensional brain CT or MRI scans from the observer performance perspective, especially with reference to Stroke. Modality performance studies have demonstrated a similar sensitivity of less than 50% for both conventional modalities, with neither modality proving superior to the other in Stroke observer performance tasks (Mohr, 1995;Lansberg, 2000;Wintermark, 2007). Visual search studies have not extensively explored stroke imaging and an in-depth, comparative eye-movement study between CT and MRI has not yet been conducted. A computer-based, eye-tracking study was designed to assess diagnostic accuracy and interpretation in stroke CT and MR imagery. Forty eight predetermined clinical cases, with five images per case, were presented to participants (novices, trainees and radiologists; n=28). The presence or absence of abnormalities was rated on a four-point Likert scale and their locations reported. Results highlight differences in visual search patterns amongst novice, trainee and expert observers; the most marked differences occurred between novice readers and experts. In terms of modality differences; novice and expert readers spent longer appraising CT images than MR, compared with trainees, who spent longer appraising MR than CT images. Image analysis trends did not appear to differ between modalities, but time spent within clinical images, accuracy and relative confidence performing the task did differ between CT and MR reader groups. To-date few studies have explored observer performance in neuroradiology and the present study examines multi-slice image appraisal by comparing matched pairs of CT and MRI Stroke cases.

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