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PS secretion by brachypodium parallels that of related crop species such as barley and wheat. A single grass species-specific YSL clade is present, and expression of the BdYSL members of this clade could not be detected in shoots or roots, suggesting grass-specific functions in reproductive tissues. Finally, the Fe-responsive expression profiles of several YSLs suggest roles in Fe homeostasis.

Antibiotic resistance (AR) has been identified by the World Health Organization as an “increasingly serious threat to global public health.” Many mechanisms of AR have become widespread due to global selective pressures as widespread antibiotic use and/or chemotherapy. The intestine has become the primary reservoir for many resulting multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs), leading to the intestinal microbiome being dubbed the “resistome.” Intestinal decolonization has been explored as a strategy to eradicate MDROs with selective digestive tract decontamination and probiotics being notable examples with mixed results. This review focuses on fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and the early evidence suggesting its efficacy in decolonizing MDROs and potential mechanisms of action to reduce AR genes. Current evidence suggests FMT may have promise in restoring healthy microbial diversity and reducing AR, and clinical trials are underway to better characterize its safety and efficacy.

Automated identification systems may misidentify Brucella, the causative agent of brucellosis, which may be re-emerging in the United States as the result of an expanding feral swine population. We present a case of Brucella suis likely associated with feral swine exposure that was misidentified as Ochrobactrum anthropi, a phylogenetic relative.

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