This research was aimed to determine the effects of prebiotics on performance and gastrointestinal profiles of Tegal ducks. One hundred two-month-old male Tegal ducks were distributed into 5 treatment groups; R 0 = control; R 1 = FOS; R 2 = MOS; R 3 = Inulin; and R 4 = natural prebiotic (water hyacinth/Eichhornia crassipes). The prebiotics were given at 0.2% of the total feed (w/w). The observed variables were performances and gastrointestinal profiles. This study used a completely randomized design and continued with honestly significant difference test. Performance (live weight, body weight gain, and feed intake) and intestinal profile (percentage weights of intestine, gizzard, crop, and pancreas) of ducks were not significantly affected by prebiotic supplementation in feed. FOS prebiotic and natural prebiotic from water hyacinth showed increased (P<0.05) the percentage of carcass and cecum weight compared to the other treatments. In conclusion, the use of different prebiotics resulted in relatively similar performances and digestive tract profiles except the percentage of carcass and cecum weight that increased by 4.5% and 36.67%, respectively, with the supplementation of either FOS or water hyacinth.

ABSTRAK. Sinbiotik merupakan gabungan dari probiotik dan prebiotik yang dapat memperbaiki mikroflora di saluran pencernaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi penggunaan sinbiotik sebagai feed aditif terhadap jumlah Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL), Escherichia colli, histologi tinggi dan lebar vili usus. Perlakuan R0 = Pakan kontrol, R1 Sinbiotik alami (2%), R2 = Sinbiotik Alami (4%), R3 = Sinbiotik Alami (6%), R4 = Sinbiotik Komersil (2%), R5 = Sinbiotik Komersil (4%), R6 = Sinbiotik Komersil (6%). Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah ANOVA (Analisis Varian) dan uji lanjut menggunakan Orthogonal kontras. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian sinbiotik alami berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kondisi mikroflora usus, meningkatkan jumlah bakteri asam laktat, dan menurunkan jumlah Escherichia colli) sedangkan pemberian perlakuan sinbiotik alami berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap histologi tinggi dan lebar vili usus. Simpulan dari penelitian adalah penggunaan Sinbiotik Alami 2% dapat meningkatkan, jumlah bakteri asam laktat di duodenum, jejenum dan ileum, menurunkan bakteri Escherichia colli di ileum. Penggunaan sinbiotik komersil 4% meningkatkan, tinggi vili usus duodenum, jejenum dan ileum, dan lebar vili di ileum. (Effect synbiotic usage toward microbiological and hystological states of sentul rooster intestine) ABSTRACT. Symbiotic is a combination of probiotic and prebiotic used to improve microflora in digestive system. This study aims to evaluate the symbiotic usage as a feed additive toward the number of lactic acid bacteria, Escherichia coli, the height and the width of villi. Treatment R0 = Diet control, R1 Natural Symbiotic (2%), R2 = Natural Symbiotic (4%), R3 = Natural Symbiotic (6%), R4 = Commercial Symbiotic (2%), R5 = Commercial Symbiotic (4%), R6 = Commercial Symbiotic (6%). Statistical analysis uses ANOVA (Analysis of Variant), while further test uses orthogonal contrast. The result showed that the given symbiotic was significantly (P<0,05) effect toward the condition of intestinal microflora, it increases the number of lactic acid bacteria and decreases Escherichia coli, as well as the treatment (P<0,05) toward histology of the height and the width of intestinal villi. As the conclusion, the use of 2% of natural symbiotic increases the amount of lactic acid bacteria in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, but reduces Escherichia coli in ileum, the height of intestinal villi in duodenum and the width of intestinal villi in ileum, and administered 4% of commercial symbiotic increases the height of intestinal villi in duodenum, jejunum, ileum and the width of intestinal villi in ileum.

The objectives of the research were to supply nitrogen for protein synthesis of ruminal microbe from slow release urea and to supply post-rumen protein from soybean meal protected with condensed tannin (CT) from crude Leucaena leaves extract. In Experiment 1, slow release urea (SRU) was made by extrusion of cassava waste-urea, tapioca meal-urea and cassava meal-urea. Evaluation of SRU properties was based on residual nitrogen concentration and ruminal fermentation products (total volatile fatty acid and ammonia-nitrogen) in vitro. In Experiment 2, soybean meal protected with CT from crude Leucaena leaves extract as much as 1,68 g tannin/100 g DM soybean meal. SRU that was selected from Experiment 1 was used as the supplement in sheep ration whose protein source was protected with CT. SRU supplement in basal rations was 0, 6.36, 12.75, 19.11% DM. In vitro result in Experiment 1, showed that SRU of cassava waste, tapioca meal and cassava meal were different (P<0,01) on residual nitrogen content, total VFA, ammonia-N, and fermentation time. The optimum SRU obtained from cassava waste by inhibiting nitrogen hydrolysis up to 14 h. In Experiment 2, SRU supplementation of cassava waste on basal ration whose protein source was protected with CT increased dry matter (DM) degradability (P<0,01), total VFA (P<0,01), ammonia-N (P<0,01), and did not affect crude protein (CP) ruminal degradation. Post-ruminal degradability of DM and CP increased (P<0.01) in line with the increasing supplement, and reached the optimum level at 12,75 – 19,11% DM. In conclusion, cassava waste was a potent SRU through extrusion process and could be harnessed as SRU supplement in ration with protein source protected with condensed tannin to improve ruminal microbe protein synthesis.

Cholesterol and omega-9 fatty acid eggs yolks affected by mantis crustacean (squilla empusa) fermentation as a fish meal substitution in the diet of layer.ABSTRACT. The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of Squilla empusa fermentation as fish meal substitute in diet layer on cholesterol and omega-9 fatty acid yolk eggs. This research was conducted by completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatment and 5 replications. The treatments are P0 = 0% fermented Squilla empusa + 15% fish meal; P1 = 5% fermented Squilla empusa + 10% fish meal; P2 = 10% fermented Squilla empusa + 15% fish meal; and P3 = 15% fermented Squilla empusa + 0% fish meal. Cholesterol, Omega-9 fatty acid yolk eggs responding variables measured. The results of this study shows that the yolk cholesterol and omega - 9 was non significant (P0.05). Average of yolk cholesterol (ppm) and omega - 9 (gram) for P0; P1; P2; and P3 were 7.622; 9.200; 9.198; and 9.442; and omega – 9 fatty acid yolk (%) were 18.404; 17.520; 19.230 and 19.456 respectively. Conclusion of this study (i) there are possibility using fermented Squilla empusa until 15% as fish meal substitute in diet of layers, (ii) there are good effect on eggs quality in term of cholesterol and Omega – 9 fatty yolk.