Nurhatika S, Ermavitalini D, Saputro TB, Apriyatmoko Y. 2018. Biodiversity and characterization of high lipid content microalgae in Porong River Estuary East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 577-582. Microalgae are aquatic unicellular or multicellular microscopic photoautotroph organisms. High lipid content in microalgae biomass can be used as raw material for biodiesel. Porong river estuary is one of the sites of industrial waste disposal. The polluted waters considered will affect the lipid microalgae metabolism. The main research aims are to isolate and characterize of high lipid content microalgae found in Porong river estuary through the selection of qualitative lipid content. Sampling was conducted at three different stations. Isolation was conducted in solid agar media enriched with Porong River Estuary sterile water and using streak plate method. The isolated microalgae were characterized using a light microscope and to be matched with identification books. The lipid content was determined qualitatively by coloring the isolated-microalgae cells with Nile Red, an intracellular lipid dye then observed its luminescence color under a fluorescence microscope. Several genera of microalgae that can be isolated in this study are Oscillatoria, Nitzschia, Merismopedia, Navicula, Nannochloropsis, and Melosira. The results of qualitative lipid analysis show that the genus Nannochloropsis and Nitzschia have high intracellular lipid accumulation.
Salah satu upaya pemanfaatan lahan pasir di Indonesia adalah budidaya cabai, namun rendahnya unsur hara dalam pasir merupakan kendala utama. Aplikasi mikoriza arbuskula adalah salah satu solusi alternatif untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman di tanah pasir. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens) yang ditanam di tanah pasir dengan penambahan pupuk mikoriza berbeda dosis yaitu 0g, 2g, 4g, 6g dan 10g serta kontrol positif menggunakan tanah taman. Adanya pengaruh dosis mikoriza terlihat dari parameter pengamatan meliputi tinggi, luas daun dan berat kering tanaman. Persentase akar terinfeksi dan jumlah spora juga diamati untuk mengetahui proses infeksi mikoriza pada tanaman cabai rawit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa budidaya cabai rawit di tanah pasir dengan penambahan 6g mikoriza sudah mampu meningkatkan hasil pertumbuhan namun belum bisa disamakan dengan pertumbuhan C. frutescens yang ditanam di tanah taman. Infeksi akar dan jumlah spora paling banyak terdapat pada cabai rawit dengan pemberian 10g mikoriza. Kata Kunci-Capsicum frutescens, mikoriza, tanah pasir.
ITS Surabaya campus has a biodiversity potential, especially plants that can be utilized. Different types of plants have been known as a potential insecticide because they contain bioactive compounds, such as essential oils, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, alkenes and these terpenoids. This research was a descriptive experimental, which aimed to explore the vegetation potential as plant-based insecticide or bio-insecticide. Tracking method to obtain plant leaves samples in ITS campus was used in this study. Leaf extracts were obtained using methanol solvents after the freeze-drying method that will change leaf into powder form. The extracts were then stored in the refrigerator and ready to be applied. Leaf dipping method was used as biological test. The test conducted on Spodoptera litura larvae that obtained from Balittas Malang. Larvae rearing trials were carried out in the Laboratory of Botany, Department of Biology ITS. The larvae examined were the third instar fed on fodder greens of leaf mustard. Toxicity effects of extract were observed from mortality of Spodoptera litura during 5 days. Ten plants species with bio-insecticide potential in this study were Ageratum conyzoides L., Crynum asiaticum L., Calotropis gigantea R., Eugenia cumini Merr., Eichornia crassipes, Crescentia cujete L., Nothopanax scutellarium Merr., Morinda citrifolia L., Azadirachta indica, and Lantana camara L.
Peningkatan kebutuhan energi yang tidak seimbang dengan jumlah sumber energi yang ada, memacu adanya energi alternatif dengan nilai yang lebih ekonomis. Salah satu energi alternatif adalah briket yang merupakan jenis bahan bakar yang berasal dari limbah organik sehingga menurunkan biaya produksi menjadi lebih rendah. Metode penelitian ini diawali dengan proses pengarangan bahan, kemudian dilakukan pembuatan briket dengan variasi komposisi yang telah ditentukan. Kemudian briket di analisis meliputi uji kadar air, kadar abu, kadar zat hilang, fix karbon, uji kalor dan laju pembakaran. Pada uji kadar air didapat hasil terbaik 0.27% pada berbandingan 0%:100% (cangkang:biji), pada uji kadar abu hasil terbaik 1.81% pada berbandingan 0%:100% (cangkang:biji), pada uji kadar zat hilang didapat hasil terbaik 29.81% pada perbandingan 100%:0% (cangkang:biji), pada uji fix karbon didapat hasil terbaik 40.93% pada berbandingan 0%:100% (cangkang:biji), pada uji kalor didapat hasil terbaik 5126.1 pada perbandingan 100%:0% (cangkang:biji) dan pada uji laju pembakaran didapat hasil terbaik 0.097g/s pada berbandingan 0%:100% (cangkang:biji).
Reutealis trisperma oil is a new source for biodiesel production. The predominant fatty acids in this plant are stearic acid (9%), palmitic acid (10%), oleic acid (12%), linoleic acid (19%), and α-eleostearic acid (51%). The presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), linoleic acid, and α-eleostearic acid decreases the oxidation stability of R. trisperma biodiesel. Although several studies have suggested that the fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) enzyme is involved in the regulation of fatty acid desaturation, little is known about the genetic information of FAD2 in R. trisperma. The objectives of this study were to isolate, characterize, and determine the relationship between the R. trisperma FAD2 fragment and other Euphorbiaceae plants. cDNA fragments were isolated using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The DNA sequence obtained by sequencing was used for further analysis. In silico analysis identified the fragment identity, subcellular localization, and phylogenetic construction of the R. trisperma FAD2 cDNA fragment and Euphorbiaceae. The results showed that a 923-bp partial sequence of R. trisperma FAD2 was successfully isolated. Based on in silico analysis, FAD2 was predicted to encode 260 amino acids, had a domain similarity with Omega-6 fatty acid desaturase, and was located in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. The R. trisperma FAD2 fragment was more closely related to Vernicia fordii (HM755946.1).
Glycine max) merupakan tanaman yang membutuhkan air cukup banyak terutama pada stadium awal pertumbuhan, masa berbunga dan pembentukan serta pengisian polong. Pada umumnya kedelai di Indonesia ditanam pada lahan yang berpotensi mengalami keterbatasan air yang dapat menyebabkan terhambatnya pertumbahan tanaman karena selain menghambat proses fotosintesis juga dapat menghambat proses penyerapan hara dari dalam tanah oleh akar tanaman. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan agen biologi untuk dapat membantu penyerapan hara yang dibutuhkan tanaman dalam kondisi tercekam dengan menggunakan mikoriza. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah dapat mengetahui pengaruh pemberian mikoriza vesikular arbuskular dengan dosis mikoriza sebanyak 2 gram, 4 gram, 6 gram, 8 gram, 10 gram, dan juga kontrol pada tanaman kedelai yang tercekam kekeringan dengan melakukan pengujian pada aktivitas fotosintetik, dan produksi osmoprotektan pada tanaman kedelai di tanah dengan kadar air rendah.Hasil yang didapat yakni pemberian mikoriza memberikan dampak terhadap beberapa parameter yang diuji seperti pada tinggi tanaman, luas daun, jumlah daun dan juga kadar prolin yakni memiliki p value <0,05. Kata kunci-Cekaman kekeringan, Kedelai (Glycine max L), Mikoriza.
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