Nurhatika S, Ermavitalini D, Saputro TB, Apriyatmoko Y. 2018. Biodiversity and characterization of high lipid content microalgae in Porong River Estuary East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 577-582. Microalgae are aquatic unicellular or multicellular microscopic photoautotroph organisms. High lipid content in microalgae biomass can be used as raw material for biodiesel. Porong river estuary is one of the sites of industrial waste disposal. The polluted waters considered will affect the lipid microalgae metabolism. The main research aims are to isolate and characterize of high lipid content microalgae found in Porong river estuary through the selection of qualitative lipid content. Sampling was conducted at three different stations. Isolation was conducted in solid agar media enriched with Porong River Estuary sterile water and using streak plate method. The isolated microalgae were characterized using a light microscope and to be matched with identification books. The lipid content was determined qualitatively by coloring the isolated-microalgae cells with Nile Red, an intracellular lipid dye then observed its luminescence color under a fluorescence microscope. Several genera of microalgae that can be isolated in this study are Oscillatoria, Nitzschia, Merismopedia, Navicula, Nannochloropsis, and Melosira. The results of qualitative lipid analysis show that the genus Nannochloropsis and Nitzschia have high intracellular lipid accumulation.
Abstract. Nannochloropsissp. has been identified as a promising feed stock for biodiesel production in recent years. Nannochloropsis sp. have high lipid content between 31-68 % of dry biomass weight. Mutagenesis induced by Gamma 60 Co irradiation can be utilized to alter Nannochloropsis sp. characteristic to get microalgae mutant strain that can produce a higher lipid content than the wild strain. The aim of this research was to know the effect of gamma 60 Co irradiation to the biomass, lipid content and fatty acid compotition of Nannochloropsis sp. microalgae. In this research, irradiation was done in different doses there were 0, 2, 4, 6 and 10 Gray (Gy). Measuring microalgae biomass and lipid content were done in late exponential phase at the end of each treatment. Research design used is random complete with 95 % confident level for quantitative analysis based on biomass and lipid content. Fatty acid compotition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results showed that gamma irradiated gave an effect on lipid content and fatty acid profile of Nannochloropsis sp. Tukey test showed total lipid content of control micoalgae (0 Gy) was significat different with 10 Gy irradiated microalgae, but no significant different with 2,4 and 6 Gy irradiated microalgae. The highest lipid content were found in 10 Gy irradiated microalgae equal to 62.65 %. Fatty acid profile of 10 Gy irradiated Nannochloropsis sp. had 9 fatty acids while control Nannochloropsis sp. had 6 fatty acids.
Abstract. Saputro TB, Purwani KI, Ermavitalini D, Saifullah AF. 2019. Isolation of high lipids content microalgae from Wonorejo river, Surabaya, Indonesia and its identification using rbcL marker gene. Biodiversitas 20: 1380-1388. Microalgae are unicellular organism which possesses various biologically active metabolites that used in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and bioenergy industries. One of the most important active metabolites found in microalgae is lipid which can be converted into biodiesel. The higher amount of lipid produced will increases the amount of biodiesel that can be obtained. Although, the production of active metabolites in microalgae has rather fluctuated as it is difficult to obtain the pure cultures of microalgae since it has a cryptic phenomenon. This problem can be solved through identification technique using molecular markers or DNA Barcoding. This research used rbcL gene as the molecular marker in species identification. rbcL gene encode ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RubisCo) in chloroplast genome. Furthermore, microalgae were isolated from 3 different stations of Wonorejo river estuary, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. The isolated microalgae were then identified based on Freshwater algae: identification and use as bioindicators book. Eight isolates were successfully identified as Mycrocystis sp., Nostoc sp., Chlorella sp., Tabellaria, Synedra, Nitzschia, Navicula, and Closteriopsis. Out of eight, only 3 species that has a good potential to be developed as biodiesel sources i.e Chlorella sp., Synedra sp., and Navicula sp. that produce 21,20%, 20,30%, 27,20% of total lipids over their biomass. The genomic DNA from those three candidates were then isolated and used as a template to amplify rbcL gene. The obtained fragment of rbcL gene was sequenced and then submitted to the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). The result of BLAST used for alignment and phylogenetic tree construction. The result from BLAST shows the same results as the genus observed by microscopy observation. Overall, this research provides information about the genetic variety of microalgae in Wonorejo which has high potential to be further developed as biodiesel.
Maize (Zea mays) is one of graminae plants that widely spread for many purposes wheter in food industry, feed, or bioenergy. Those high utilization required an increment in production, but unfortunately the the demands not in accordance with the volume of production since conversion of agricultural area increase lately. Indonesia has many of shoreline that recognized as marginal land where the salinity is high as well. This research try to obtain tolerant variant from two local cultivars that planted in Madura Island. Manding and Talango varieties were used as an explant for callus induction stage in MS supplemented with 2,4 D. The result showed that 4 ppm of 2,4 D were the best concentration to induce the callus in both varieties. The induced callus were exposed to medium MS that contained NaCl (0, 2500, 5000, and 7500 ppm). In 7500 ppm of NaCl, Manding variety has 100% of surviving callus, while Talango variety only 66,7%. Furthermore, Manding variety showed a better performance in callus weight improvement with 170 mg, while Talango gave no improvement in callus weight. The result of RAPD analysis indicated that the genome characteristic was different between initial callus and surviving callus. Only five primers were presence polymorphism i.e OPA 13, OPB 07, OPC 02, OPK 20, and OPU 19 from ten in total primers. Manding elected as high tolerance variety in Salinity stress, thus it proposed to be developed furthermore.
Botryococcus sp. is microalgae species that has high lipid content. Mutagenesis induced by Gamma 60
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