The objective oj the research was to study the effects oj organic matter and N, P, K Jertilizer on nutrients uptake and yield oj corn in Inceptisol Ternate. The design oj the research was Jactorial completely randomized block design with two Jactors. The first Jactor was the rate oj organic matter (0, 20, 40 tlha) or (B(), B, and B z) and the second Jactor was the rate oj N, P, KJertilizer (0.5; I and /.5 recommended rate) or (Flo F] and F JJ.The results oj research showed that combination oj B ,F] gave the highest amount oj the corn leave at 42 days after planting, the weight oj corn with husk cover, the weight corn grains, and K-availability oj soil. Whereas, the rate oj 20 tlha organic matter (B,) significantly increased and gave the highest weight oj corn without husk cover, NPK corn plant content and P uptake. The average NPK plant uptake oJcorn was 31. kg Klha. The average production oj corn was 5. /6-7.83 tlha.
Sources of CO2 from the soil include root respiration, decomposition of newly fallen aboveground litter and decomposition of old soil organic matter. Rhizosphere processes play a key role in soil respiration which is the main carbon efflux from peatland ecosystem to atmosphere. Plant rhizodeposits supply low-molecular weight carbon substrates to the soil microbial community, resulting in elevated levels of activity surrounding the root. We studied the effects of rhizosphere in oil palm plantation on the fluxes of CO2. Carbon dioxide emission flux of peatland was collected in Meulaboh, West Aceh using cylindrical chambers and analysis air samples of chamber by gas chromatograph. Five-point transects perpendicular to drainage canal provided variation in depth of water table for the samples. The data confirmed that The CO2 flux from rhizosphere chamber with additional roots was one to four times higher than from bulk soil chamber.
The poultry manure and vertisols matter have potency for reclaiming a soil. The research objectives was to study the effect of poultry manure (PM) and vertisols matter (VM) on availability and leaching of macro nutrient in coastal sandy soil treated by rainfall simulation. A laboratory experiment was conducted with lesymeters to measure nutrient leaching. The factorial 4 × 4 treatment applied was arranged by randomized completely block design with three replications. The first factor was level of PM consisted of 0, 20, 40, and 60 Mg ha -1 . The second one was the level of VM consisted of 0, 5, 10, and 15%. Variables observed were soil physical and chemical properties such as bulk density (BD), particle density (PD), porosity, pF 2.54, pF 4.2, available water capacity (AWC), permeability, cation exchange capacity (CEC), available macro nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S) by Morgan Wolf extraction, and the rate of macro nutrient leaching measuared by Spectrophotometry and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Result of the research showed that application of PM and VM in the sandy soil decreased soil PD and BD, increased soil porosity and AWC, decreased soil permeability, and slightly increased soil CEC. Application of PM and VM increased soil available nutrient in the sandy soil. Up to 60 Mg ha -1 dose PM increased soil available nutrient, while 10 to 15% dose, VM did not increased it. The rank of nutrient leaching from high to low by rain simulation was N-NO 3 -> SO 4 = > K + > Ca 2+ . Leaching of K and N-NH4 + could be reduced by soil amendment. Combination of PM 60 Mg ha -1 and VM 10% was the best soil amendment for increasing nutrient availability and decreasing nutrient leaching in the sandy soil.
The fixation of P in soils is dynamic in nature and the behavior of P-fraction may change with time and cropping system. Application of organic matter to soil under upland soil have been reported to decrease P-sorption and increase P-desorpion. Pangalengan, South Bandung in west Java is one of the wet humid area of Indonesia that has high rain fall, covered mainly by tropical humid forest, volcanic area with fertile volcanic soil. The objective of this study were to describe and compare some chemical characteristic and behavior of P-fraction as a function of crops and slope of the land in the farming system in Pangalengan, South Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Soil samples from the surface soil (0-20 cm) were collected from 15 locations based on different planted crops (Tea, Vegetables, Forest, and Intercropping crops), and level of slope of the land areas of Cihawuk village, District Kertasari, Kecamatan Pangalengan. The result of the study showed that C-organic content of soil samples from 15 location of planted crops was slightly high (3.04-4.92 %) but total Nitrogen was low (0.22-0.45 %), wih soil reaction (pH H2O) was slightly acids (5.60-6.30) and pH (KCl) was lower than pH(H2O) (4.60-5.70). The available-P was low (3.50 – 7.10 ppm), but the HCl 25 % P from tea and vegetables location was higher than from forest and intercropping crops. Majority of P fraction from tea and vegetable location was Al-P fraction, but from Forest and intercropping crops was Ca-P fraction. The order of P fraction were Al-P > Ca-P> reductant soluble-P>Fe-P in tea and vegetables locations, but in the forest and intercropping were Ca-P> reductant-P > Al-P > Fe-P. However, The data showed that the total P (P-organic + P-inorganic) from tea and vegetables crop location was higher, and was dominated by inorganic form, than from forest and intercropping location was dominated by organic form. However, the slope did not affect the pattern of P-fractions and the sources of organic matter added or accumulated in those location formerly affected the amount and the pattern of P-fractions.
Phosphor (P) is the second esensial element after nitrogen which is needed by plants, however, its ava/i!ahi/ity is a problem in vulcanic ash soils such as Andisol. The objective of the research was to study the effect of organic matter (Puerariajavanica) and rock phosphate to the growth and P-uptake of corn plant in Andisol Pasir Sarongge. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of Soil Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agriculture University.The design of the experiment was completely randomized design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was the rates of organic matter (0, 2.5%, and 5%) and the second factor was the rates of rock phosphate (0, 40 mg Plkg, and 80 mg Plkg), therefore there were 27 of treatments of experiment. Three kilogram of soil samples were put in the plastic bag and mixed with combination of organic matter and rock phosphate based on the treatments and then incubatedfor 4 week periods. After incubation, five seeds of corn were planted, and then were selected and left three plants after one week period. The soil moisture was maintained to water holding capacity.The results of the study showed that after 4 weeks of planting (4WAP), addition of organic matter increased plant height, dry matter and P-uptake of corn plant. However, the effect between the rate of 2.5% and 5% of organic matter to those variables above were not significantly different. The increased of plant height (4WAP), dry matter, and P-uptake due to addition of organic matter were in the range of 32-41%, 68-105%, and 84-92%, respectively. Meanwhile. addition of rock phosphate. and combination of organic matter and rock phosphate did not affect those variables.
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