P.I. 2019. Anesthetic quality and cardiovascular and respiratory effects of continuous intravenous infusion of tiletamine-zolazepam in bitches. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 39 (3): [214][215][216][217][218][219][220]. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality and recovery from anesthesia promoted by the tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) combination administered intravenously (IV) continuously in bitches pre-medicated with acepromazine. Eight cross-bred, clinically healthy bitches weighing 13.7 ±1.9kg on average were used in this study. After a food fast of 12 h and a water fast of four hours, the animals were treated with acepromazine (0.1mg/kg, intramuscular) and, after 15 minutes, anesthesia was induced with a combination of tiletamine-zolazepam (2mg/kg, IV) immediately followed by continuous IV infusion thereof at a dose of 2mg/kg/h for 60 min. The following parameters were measured in all animals immediately before administration of acepromazine (M15), immediately before anesthetic induction (M0), and at 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min after initiation of continuous infusion (M5, M10, M20, M30, M40, M50, and M60): electrocardiography (ECG), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory rate (RR), body temperature (BT), and arterial hemogasometry, with the last performed only at experimental times M15, M0, M30, and M60. A subcutaneous electrical stimulator was used to evaluate the degree of analgesia. Myorelaxation and quality of anesthetic recovery were also assessed, classifying these parameters as excellent, good, and poor. Anesthetic recovery time was recorded in minutes. HR increased significantly at time M10 in relation to that at M-15, and at times M5, M10, M40, and M50 in relation to that at M0. MAP decreased significantly at M20 and M30 compared with the baseline. BT decreased significantly at M50 compared with that at M0, but no hypothermia was observed. RR showed significant reduction at M5, M10, and M20 in relation to that at M-15, and at M5 and M10 in relation to that at M0, and bradypnoea was observed during the first 20 min after anesthetic induction. Significant decreases in the PR interval at times M10, M40, and M50 were observed in relation to that at M15. Amplitude of the R wave showed significant decrease at M20 compared with that at M-15. In the other ECG parameters, no significant difference was observed between the times evaluated. Hemogasometric parameters and analgesia did not show significant alterations. Myorelaxation and quality of anesthetic recovery were considered excellent. Recovery time was 15.1±7.7 min for positioning of sternal decubitus and 45.5±23.1 minutes for return of ambulation. Continuous IV administration of TZ combination does not produce satisfactory analgesia and does not cause severe cardiorespiratory and hemogasometric effects in bitches pre-medicated with acepromazine.

RESUMO O presente estudo avaliou a influência do regime hídrico sobre efeitos do propofol em Phrynops geoffroanus, bem como a qualidade da contenção farmacológica produzida. Foram utilizados 10 animais, anestesiados em dois momentos com propofol, na dose de 35mg/kg, por via intracelomática, com intervalo de 15 dias. O grupo 1 fora retirado da água 12 horas antes do procedimento e o grupo 2 permaneceu dentro da água até o momento da indução anestésica. Foram mensuradas frequência cardíaca, pressão arterial sistólica, temperatura, frequência respiratória e saturação de oxi-hemoglobina, e avaliados duração do período de latência, período hábil, período de recuperação e qualidade da contenção farmacológica. Houve diferença significativa entre grupos apenas quanto à frequência cardíaca. No grupo 1, as médias dos períodos de latência, hábil anestésico e de recuperação foram de 16,8±8,4, 86,5±79,4 e 1,5±3,8 minutos, respectivamente. Já no grupo 2, as médias foram de 19,9±9,8, 110,9±104,7 e 28,8±58,2 minutos, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que o regime hídrico de 12 horas não influenciou os parâmetros anestésicos e fisiológicos dos animais e que a qualidade da contenção farmacológica foi considerada boa em ambos os grupos.

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Background:The use of injectable anesthetics to induce and maintain anesthesia has been the subject of extensive research. Ketamine induces dissociative anesthesia, which is characterized by sensory loss, analgesia and amnesia without loss of consciousness. The levorotatory isomer of ketamine is dextroketamine. Detomidine, a potent myorelaxant that acts as a sedative and analgesic, is commonly used on horses but rarely tested in dogs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cardiorespiratory and anesthetic effects promoted by a combination of detomidine and dextroketamine applied via continuous intravenous infusion in bitches premedicated with midazolam and morphine. Materials, Methods & Results:Eight bitches treated at the veterinary hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande were referred for elective ovariohysterectomy (OHE). The animals were premedicated with 0.3 mg/kg of midazolam and 0.1 mg/kg of morphine intramuscular (IM) followed, after 15 min, with 0.02 mg/kg of detomidine IM. Fifteen min after the administration of detomidine, 3.5 mg/kg of dextroketamine was administered intravenously (IV), followed by continuous IV infusion of 14 mg/kg/h of dextroketamine and 30 μg/kg/h of detomidine. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), body temperature (BT), mean arterial pressure (MAP), myorelaxation and electrocardiogram were recorded before and 15 min after the administration of midazolam and morphine (M0 and M1), 15 min after detomidine (M2), immediately after starting the infusion (M3), at 10 min intervals up to 60 min (M4, M5, M6, M7, M8 and M9) and 30 min after the end of the infusion (M10). Blood gas variables were analyzed at M0, M1, M2, M6, M9 and M10. Analgesia was evaluated by measuring cortisol and glucose levels at M0, three min after dermotomy, three min after clamping the ovarian pedicle, and three min after dermorrhaphy. The quality and duration of recovery were evaluated. HR dropped significantly from M2 to M4 (P < 0.05), with bradycardia recorded at M2; at RR, with bradypnea starting at M2; and at BT from M6 to M10 (P < 0.05), without severe hypothermia. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased significantly from M3 to M7 (P < 0.01). Hypotension was observed at M1. The following were also observed: high amplitude T wave, elevated ST segment, atrioventricular blocks, sinus arrest and premature ventricular complexes. The blood gas variables suggested the presence of respiratory acidosis with hypoxemia. Cortisol levels were significantly higher (P < 0.01) after clamping the ovarian pedicle (6.23 ± 3.07 μg/dL) and after dermorrhaphy (6.03 ± 2.24 μg/dL) than the levels at M0 (1.74 ± 1.08 μg/dL). Glucose levels three min after dermorrhaphy (129.46 ± 29.61 mg/dL) were substantially increased (P < 0.05) in comparison to M0 (89.66 ± 7.92 mg/dL). Myorelaxation was significantly higher from M3 to M9 (P < 0.05) than at M0 and M1. The recovery period lasted 302.1 ± 64.9 min. The quality of recovery was considered excellent in two animals, good in four animals and poor in two animals, which sho...

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ResumoCom o objetivo de avaliar a migração cranial de diferentes volumes de iobitridol, administrado por via epidural lombossacra, bem como as possíveis alterações decorrentes dessa administração, foram utilizados 12 coelhos, sem raça definida, com 1,0±0,5 anos de idade e pesando 2,4±0,4 kg. Os animais foram anestesiados com xilazina (5 mg/kg) e cetamina (20 mg/kg), por via intramuscular, 15 minutos antes da punção lombossacra. Foram compostos dois grupos: grupo 1 (G1), onde foi administrado iobitridol, no volume de 0,33 mL/kg; e grupo 2 (G2), 0,22 mL/kg. Avaliaram-se as frequências cardíaca (FC) e respiratória (f), a duração da onda P, do intervalo PR, do complexo QRS e do intervalo QT, a saturação de oxihemoglobina (SPO 2 ) e a temperatura retal (TR), antes da epidurografia e a cada 10 minutos após, durante 60 minutos. Também foram analisadas a migração cranial do iobitridol e a ataxia produzida. A FC, f e TR reduziram e a duração do intervalo QT aumentou após a anestesia em ambos os grupos. As durações do intervalo PR e do complexo QRS aumentaram no G1. O limite cranial da migração do meio de contraste variou entre a 4 а vértebra lombar e a 8 а vértebra torácica no G1 e entre a 5 а vértebra lombar e a 11 а vértebra torácica no G2. A ataxia foi moderada em ambos os grupos. Conclui-se que a administração do iobitridol pela via epidural lombossacra, associada à anestesia dissociativa com xilazina-cetamina, e nos volumes utilizados e sob as condições de estudo, causa alterações toleráveis nos parâmetros avaliados em coelhos hígidos, e quando utilizado neste modelo animal não causa sinais de neurotoxicidade.Palavras-chave: epidural, lagomorfo, meio de contraste. AbstractIn order to evaluate the cranial spread of different volumes of iobitridol, by epidural lumbosacral route, 12 mongrel rabbits, 1.0±0.5 years old, weighing 2.4±0.4 kg were used. The animals were anesthetized with xylazine (5 mg/kg) and ketamine (20 mg/kg) intramuscularly, 15 minutes before of the lumbosacral puncture. Two groups were formed: iobitridol was administered at a volume of 0.33 mL/kg in the group 1 (G1) and at 0.22 mL/kg in the group 2 (G2). The heart (HR) and respiratory rates (f), duration of P-wave, PR interval, QRS complex and QT interval, oxyhemoglobin saturation (OS) and rectal temperature (RT) were evaluated, before epidurography and every 10 minutes after, for 60 minutes. The cranial spread of iobitridol and the ataxia produced were also analyzed. FC, f and RT reduced and duration of QT interval increased after anesthesia in both groups. The duration of PR interval and QRS complex increased in G1. The cranial limit of the migration of the contrast medium varied between the 4th lumbar vertebra and the 8th thoracic vertebra in G1 and between the 5th lumbar vertebra and the 11th thoracic vertebra in G2. Ataxia was moderate in both groups. It is concluded that the administration of iobitridol by the lumbosacral epidural route, associated with dissociative anesthesia with xylazine-ketamine, and in the volumes used and under the study c...

RESUMO Objetivou-se com este estudo comparar a associação de detomidina e cetamina ou dextrocetamina, por via intravenosa contínua, em oito cadelas submetidas a dois protocolos: GCD - indução anestésica com 5mg/kg e infusão intravenosa contínua de 20mg/kg/h de cetamina; e GDD - indução com 3,5mg/kg e infusão de 14mg/kg/h de dextrocetamina. Associou-se detomidina, 30µg/kg/h, em ambos os grupos. Registraram-se frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial (PA), frequência respiratória (f), temperatura (TC), miorrelaxamento, analgesia, hemogasometria e eletrocardiograma, antes e 15 minutos após a MPA (Mbasal e Mmpa); após o início da infusão (Mic); a cada 10 minutos até 90 minutos (M10, M20, M30, M40, M50, M60, M70, M80 e M90); e 30 minutos após o fim da infusão (M120). Foi observada bradicardia em Mmpa no GCD e de Mmpa a M10 no GDD. Ocorreu hipotensão em Mmpa e hipertensão a partir de Mic. A f diminuiu de M10 a M30. Foram observados: onda T de alta amplitude, bloqueios atrioventriculares e parada sinusal. Ocorreu acidose respiratória. O período de recuperação foi de 219,6±72,3 minutos no GCD e de 234,1±96,8 minutos no GDD. A cetamina e a dextrocetamina, associadas à detomidina por infusão contínua, causam efeitos cardiorrespiratórios e anestésicos similares.