. Foram utilizadas 12 fêmeas da raça Sindi, com idade média de 18 meses, com o objetivo de determinar os parâmetros fisiológicos e o índice de tolerância ao calor (ITC). Os parâmetros fisiológicos foram observados pela manhã e à tarde, semanalmente, durante 3 meses em cada estação (chuvosa e seca). Durante o período experimental as temperaturas máximas foram de 32,2 °C e 38,2°C e mínimas de 24 °C e 26° C, e o índice de temperatura do globo e umidade (ITGU) na sombra à tarde foi de 88,8 e 88,7, nas estações chuvosa e seca, respectivamente. Observou-se efeito (P<0,05) de estações sobre os parâmetros fisiológicos (temperatura retal, freqüências respiratória e cardíaca) e os hematológicos. Contudo, os parâmetros observados encontram-se nos padrões normais para a espécie bovina. Com relação a tolerância ao calor, os animais apresentaram um índice de 9,83 (nove vírgula oitenta e três), que é considerado alto. Conclui-se que esta raça está bem adaptada às condições climáticas do semi-árido.Termos para indexação: Eritrograma, estresse calórico, freqüência cardíaca, freqüência respiratória, temperatura retal. ABSTRACTThis experiment was carried out in the Health and Technology Center (CSTR) of the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG) in Paraiba. Twelve female of the Sindi breed with 18 months of age were utilized, with the objective to determine the physiological parameters and Heat Tolerance Index (HTI). The physiological parameters were observed weekly, in the morning and in the afternoon, during 3 months in each season (rainy and dry season). In the experimental period, the maximum temperatures were 32,2 °C and 38,2 °C, the minimum temperatures were 24 °C and 26 °C and the Black Globe-Humidity Index (BGHI) in the shade was 88,8 and 88,7, for the rainy and dry season, respectively. There was significant effect of the season on the physiological parameters (Rectal temperature, Respiratory Frequency and Cardiac Frequency) and on the hematological parameters. However, these parameters are considered normal to this specie. About the heat tolerance, the animals presented a index of 9,83, which is considered high. It was concluded that this breed is well adapted to the conditions of the Semi-arid region in Brazil.Index terms: Erythrogran, heat stress, cardiac frequency, respiratory frequency and rectal temperature. . A temperatura média do ar situa-se em geral acima dos 20°C, e a temperatura máxima apresenta-se acima de 30°C na maior parte do ano, chegando a 38°C na estação mais quente (AYOADE, 1991).O acentuado crescimento demográfico dos países situados nas áreas tropicais e subtropicais, aliado ao quadro de ineficiência da produção de alimentos, agrava o problema da carência alimentar da população, o que tem induzido à procura por raças com maior potencial produtivo para estas regiões. As raças bovinas com maior grau de adaptação às condições semi-áridas são as zebuínas e dentre estas a raça Sindi tem se destacado, por apresentar dupla aptidão (leite e carne), alta eficiência alimentar e reprodutiva, precocidade e...

ABSTRACT.-Silva R.B.S., Mendes R.S., Santana V.L., Souza H.C., Ramos C.P.S., Souza A.P., Andrade P. Visceral leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania infantum in Brazil. It is a chronic disease and often a fatal zoonosis and considered as a serious worldwide public health problem and recognized by the World Health Organization as one of seventeen "Neglected Tropical Diseases". This study was conducted in 2012 in the county of Patos, in Paraíba State semiarid region. The main purposes were to estimate the prevalence and the risk factors of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), and to evaluate the performance of serological tests. Serological prevalence was determined using three techniques (ELISA, IFA and DPP chromatographic immunoassay -Dual Path Platform). ELISA was the golden standard, since it is the confirmatory test for CVL as established by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. In total, 362 blood samples were collected and were considered positive if positive by two serological assays. Positive samples were tested by PCR and qPCR. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied to the dog owner to identify risk factors associated with CVL. The seroprevalence was 11.33% (41/362). Chromatographic immunoassay -DPP showed a sensitivity of 58% (95%, CI: 0.43 to 0.72) and specificity of 96% (95%, CI: 0.93-0.98) , with a Kappa index of 0.5. The IFA had a sensitivity of 85% (95%, CI: 0.72 to 0.94), specificity of 99% (95%, CI: 0.98 to 1) and Kappa value of 0.8. The risk factor identified in the multivariate analysis was gender (OR=2.15 [1.09 to 4.21]), male dogs having 2.15 times more chance of being infected. The increased likelihood can possibly be explained by the use of male dogs for hunting and as guard dogs, two factors that increase dog contact to infected sandflies. Due to the prevalence rates, it should be recommended control measures against canine visceral leishmaniasis. The results demonstrated that the Chromatographic immunoassay (DPP-Dual Path Platform) is not the best technique for screening positive animals due to its low sensitivity, suggesting its replacement by ELISA.

Objetivou-se com este estudo determinar a frequência dos tumores diagnosticados em cães e gatos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos, Paraíba, Brasil, entre os anos de 2003 a 2010. Foram revisados todos os protocolos de necropsias e biópsias realizadas no Laboratório de Patologia Animal da referida instituição, e computados os dados referentes aos animais afetados. Os tumores mais frequentes em cães ocorreram na pele e anexos (46,7%), seguido da glândula mamária (24%), sistema genital (10,3%) e sistema digestório (6,5%). Os tumores malignos foram mais frequentes que os benignos (p=0,001), representando 78% e 22% respectivamente. Em gatos, as frequências de neoplasmas de pele e glândula mamária foram idênticas (39,4% cada), seguidas das do sistema digestório (8,5%) e fígado (5,7%). Os tumores malignos representaram 95,8% dos tumores diagnosticados nesta espécie. Cães sem raça definida tiveram menor frequência (16%) de tumores do que animais de diferentes raças (37,2%) (p<0,0001). A ampla variedade de neoplasmas que acomete cães e gatos dificulta ao veterinário o diagnóstico clínico e o tratamento das mesmas, sendo recomendável o diagnóstico histológico sistemático de todas as lesões suspeitas de serem neoplasias. Além disso, são necessários estudos que determinem os fatores epidemiológicos envolvidos no desenvolvimento dos tumores que acometem os cães e gatos, nas diferentes regiões, a fim de serem tomadas medidas para diminuir sua ocorrência e letalidade.

The IoC and PE are promising indices for anaesthetic depth monitoring. The PE might benefit from the application of a burst suppression correction at deeper stages of anaesthesia. The rabbit is useful as a translational research animal model for the validation of clinical indices.

The cardiopulmonary effects of desflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia were compared in cats breathing spontaneously. Heart (HR) and respiratory (RR) rates; systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP) and mean arterial (MAP) pressures; partial pressure of end tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2), arterial blood pH (pH), arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and carbon dioxide (PaCO2); base deficit (BD), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and bicarbonate ion concentration (HCO3) were measured. Anesthesia was induced with propofol (8+/-2.3mg/kg IV) and maintained with desflurane (GD) or sevoflurane (GS), both at 1.3 MAC. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Tukey test (P<0.05). Both anesthetics showed similar effects. HR and RR decreased when compared to the basal values, but remained constant during inhalant anesthesia and PETCO2 increased with time. Both anesthetics caused acidemia and hypercapnia, but BD stayed within normal limits. Therefore, despite reducing HR and SAP (GD) when compared to the basal values, desflurane and sevoflurane provide good stability of the cardiovascular parameters during a short period of inhalant anesthesia (T20-T60). However, both volatile anesthetics cause acute respiratory acidosis in cats breathing spontaneously.

This study aimed to evidence the clinical and laboratorial signs of this disease to help characterize this illness in a natural way in the semiarid in the northeastern region. We evaluated 10 positive for Trypanosoma cruzi dogs, that were identiϐied by serological analysis of immunoϐluorescence assay (RIFI) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); molecular analysis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), direct microscopy and blood culture. The chagasic dogs underwent physical examination, electrocardiographic, radiographic, blood pressure, hematology (erythrocyte and leukocyte count) and biochemical exams (urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, PT, albumin, globulin, CK, CK-MB, and cTnl). The physical examination and the blood pressure were presented within the normal range, while in the electrocardiography the FC was observed as normal with a sinus rhythm, with the exception of one dog that presented a sinus tachycardia (168 bat/min). In the ECG of eight dogs there was increase of duration of P (47+6.5ms) suggestive to atrial enlargement, not conϐirmed in the radiography. A supraunlevelling was observed in the ST segment in one dog. In the hematological results, thrombocytopenia (187.4x10 3 +137.2x10 3 ) and anemia (5.0x10 6 +1.39x10 6 /ul) were noted. The mean hemoglobin (11 +2.7g/dL), hematocrit (34+10.5%) were below normal limits. The white series were within normal variation, with the exception of eosinophilia observed in three dogs. Individually, there were two dogs which registered leukocytosis, lymphocytosis and neutrophilia. In the biochemical evaluation there was hyperproteinemia PT=7.2 +0.9g/dL, hypoalbuminemia (2.2+0.4g/dL), hyperglobulinemia (5.1+1.0g/dL), increased of CK (196+171 U/L) and there was no alteration on ALT and AST enzymes. The CK-MB isoenzymes and cTnI did not change, except in three dogs. We conclude that dogs naturally infected in the northeastern semiarid present characteristics related to indeterminate chronic form (asymptomatic dogs) and that the identiϐication of the naturally infected dogs with no pathognomonic characteristics of the Chagas disease underscores the importance of this illness in the diagnostic process with the other proϐiles that show nonspeciϐic or not associated to cardiovascular disease.INDEX TERMS: Heart disease, parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi, Chagas disease, diseases of dog, parasitology.

RESUMO.-[Acanthamoebíase sistêmica associada a cinomose canina em cães na região semiárida da Paraíba.] Infecções por amebas de vida livre podem causar doença sistêmica nos animais e no homem. Descrevem--se os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos de acanthamoebíase disseminada associada com cinomose em três cães na região semiárida da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. Os cães afetados desenvolveram sinais respiratórios e neurológicos progressivos, que evoluíram para a morte em dois a 20 dias. Na necropsia havia áreas nodulares, irregulares e amarelo-avermelhadas distribuídas aleatoriamente em pulmões, coração, rins, fígado, baço, linfonodos, adrenal e intestino. Em um caso havia foco de malácia no córtex parietal e outro em núcleo da base encefálica. Histologicamente, foram observados piogranulomas com áre-as de necrose e hemorragia em todos os órgãos afetados, associados a miríades de amebas intralesionais. Nos três casos havia cinomose concomitante, que possivelmente desencadeou imunossupressão nos cães. O diagnóstico foi realizado através dos achados microscópicos de infecção por amebas de vida livre e confirmado Acanthamoeba sp. pela imuno-histoquímica. Infections by free-living amoebae can cause systemic disease in animals and humans. We describe the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of disseminated acanthamoebiasis associated with canine distemper in three dogs of the semiarid region of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. Affected dogs developed progressive neurological and respiratory signs that progressed to death within in two to 20 days. Gross lesions were irregular and with yellow--reddish nodules randomly distributed in the lungs, heart, kidneys, spleen, lymph nodes, adrenals, and intestine. One dog had foci of malacia in the parietal cortex and another one in nucleus of brain basis. Histologically, pyogranulomas with areas of necrosis and hemorrhage in all organs affected were observed, associated with myriads of intralesional amoebic trophozoites. All three cases were concomitant canine distemper, that possibly triggered immunosuppression in the dogs. The diagnosis was performed through microscopic findings of infection by free-living amoebae and confirmed Acanthamoeba sp. by immunohistochemistry.INDEX TERMS: Acanthamoeba sp., amebiasis, opportunistic diseases, canine distemper, diseases of dogs.

correspondência. RESUMOA cetamina, fármaco derivado da fenciclidina, há muito é usada na anestesia veterinária, sendo que o seu isômero (+), a cetamina S, recém-lançada no mercado, tem tido emprego principalmente na anestesia humana. Em vista disso, objetivouse, com este experimento avaliar comparativamente, as possíveis alterações eletrocardiográficas em cães anestesiados com cetamina S ou cetamina e avaliar as freqüências respiratória e cardíaca, saturação de oxihemoglobina e pressão arterial. Para tanto, foram utilizados 10 cães adultos, machos e fêmeas, sem raça definida e hígidos. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos (G1 e G2) de igual número. Ao G1 administrou-se, por via intramuscular, cetamina S na dose de 20mg/kg, e ao G2, cetamina na mesma dose e via de administração empregados no G1. As observações das variáveis tiveram início imediatamente antes da aplicação dos fármacos (M1) e a cada 10 minutos (M2, M3 e M4, respectivamente). Os dados numéricos foram submetidos ao teste de Tukey, para análises repetidas no grupo, a fim de verificar significado estatístico ou não entre as médias, nos vários momentos, sendo considerado o nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Os resultados apresentados foram elevação da freqüência cardíaca com o uso de ambos os fármacos, discretas alterações na pressão arterial, nenhuma variação da SpO2 e impossibilidade de identificar alterações eletrocardiográficas de importância clínica entre os grupos estudados. Assim, pode-se admitir como hipótese conclusiva que as cetaminas S e racêmica apresentam efeitos similares na condutividade elétrica do miocárdio. Palavras-chave: eletrocardiograma, dissociativos, anestesia. SUMMARY Ketamine is a drug derived of the phenciclidine and has been used in veterinary anaesthesia for a long time. Its (+)isomers, s-ketamine, was recently introduced in the clinical practice and has been used mainly in human anaesthesia. So, this experiment was performed to evaluate comparatively possible electrocardiographic changes in dogs anesthetized with Sketamine or ketamine and also evaluate heart rate, respiratory rate, oxihemoglobine saturation and arterial pressure. Ten adult male and female dogs were used in this study. All dogs were healthy and mix breed. The animals were divided in two equal number groups (G1 and G2). The G1 received 20mg/kg of Sketamine intra-muscularly and G2 received the same dose of ketamine with the injection protocol. The electrocardiographic changes started immediately before the drug administration (M1) and were repeated every 10 minutes (M2, M3 and M4, respectively). The numeric data were submitted to Tukey test for analysis of the repetitions in the group to verify if the averages were statistically significant or not in the several moments with significant value of 5% (p<0.05). The presented results were heart rate elevation with both drugs, mild arterial pressure changes could also be observed. No changes in the SpO2 were detected and no electrocardiographic changes with clinic importance could be identified. Consequ...