Approximately 70 years ago, the first topical dexpanthenol-containing formulation (Bepanthen TM Ointment) has been developed. Nowadays, various topical dexpanthenol preparations exist, tailored according to individual requirements. Topical dexpanthenol has emerged as frequently used formulation in the field of dermatology and skin care. Various studies confirmed dexpanthenol's moisturizing and skin barrier enhancing potential. It prevents skin irritation, stimulates skin regeneration and promotes wound healing. Two main directions in the use of topical dexpanthenol-containing formulations have therefore been pursued: as skin moisturizer/skin barrier restorer and as facilitator of wound healing. This 70th anniversary paper reviews studies with topical dexpanthenol in skin conditions where it is most frequently used. Although discovered decades ago, the exact mechanisms of action of dexpanthenol have not been fully elucidated yet. With the adoption of new technologies, new light has been shed on dexpanthenol's mode of action at the molecular level. It appears that dexpanthenol increases the mobility of stratum corneum molecular components which are important for barrier function and modulates the expression of genes important for wound healing. This review will update readers on recent advances in this field. ARTICLE HISTORY
Three studies were conducted with three new dexpanthenol-containing emollients containing increasing lipid contents (Emollients 1–3) to assess their performances in healthy adults with dry skin. All three studies (N = 42 each) followed virtually the same design. A single skin application of the study product was performed followed by once-daily usage. Skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin biomechanical properties, and lipid content of the stratum corneum (SC) were regularly assessed over the 28-day study period; a subset (N = 22) underwent a sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) challenge prior to product application. All three emollients were well tolerated and showed good performances with only minor differences in instrumental measurements. After single and prolonged once-daily applications of Emollients 1–3 to dry skin and dry SLS-damaged skin, skin hydration significantly increased from baseline (BL) (by 38.1–72.4% in unchallenged skin, p < 0.001 for all three). This was paralleled by significant increases in skin elasticity parameters. Usage of Emollients 1 and 3 caused increases from BL in SC cholesterol (by 9.8–12.5%, p < 0.05 for both) and SC free fatty acid levels (by 3.7–26.3%, p < 0.05 for both) at the end of the study. No sustained effects on TEWL were recorded. Our findings support the once-daily use of all three emollients in adults with dry skin.
A fixed-dose pediatric formulation of artesunate and mefloquine (Artequin Pediatric) has been developed. In this open, non-comparative study in Cameroonian children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria, the safety and efficacy of this formulation was tested, with a particular emphasis on the risk of neuropsychiatric adverse events (AEs). In total, 220 subjects, weighing between 10 and 20 kg, were enrolled; 213 qualified for analysis. Artesunate-mefloquine was given once daily for 3 days. Overall, 13.1% of patients reported mild to moderate neuropsychiatric AEs (elicited through a structured questionnaire or reported spontaneously) out of which 3.8% (mainly insomnia) were considered drug-related. Other drug-related AEs were infrequent (< 3%). Polymerase chain reaction-corrected cure rate (adequate clinical and parasitological response) determined by survival analysis at 28 and 63 days was 96.6%. New infections were observed in 11.2% of evaluable patients at 63 days. The new formulation was well tolerated and efficacious in the population investigated.
Despite the limitations of an uncontrolled, open-label study, the results from this study indicate that lactoferrin in mild to moderate acne vulgaris is well tolerated and may lead to an overall improvement in acne lesion counts in the majority of affected adolescents and young adults when administered as a dietary supplement on a twice daily regimen. Further randomized, placebo-controlled trials of longer duration appear warranted.
Wirksamkeit, Verträglichkeit und Sicherheit einer neuen pädiatrischen Artesunat-Mefl oquin Medikamentenformulierung zur Therapie der Malaria tropica Zusammenfassung. Pädiatrische Medikamentenformulierungen sind ein wichtiger Fortschritt in der Th erapie von afrikanischen Kindern, die an Malaria tropica erkrankt sind. In dieser klinischen Studie wurde die Wirksamkeit, Sicherheit und Verträglichkeit einer neuen pädiatrischen Artesunat-Mefl oquin Koformulierung im Vergleich mit einer Tablettenformulierung evaluiert. Einundsiebzig pädiatrische Patienten am Albert Schweitzer Spital in Lambaréné, Gabun, die an unkomplizierter Malaria tropica litten, wurden nach Körpergewicht stratifi ziert, um mit der pädiatrischen (10 -20 kg; n = 41) oder der Tabletten-Formulierung (20 -40 kg; n = 30) therapiert zu werden. Die PCR korrigierte Heilungsrate war 100 % am Tag 28. Die häufi gsten Nebenwirkungen waren Erbrechen (17 %), abdominelle Schmerzen (11 %) und Cephalea (17 %). Diese Studie bestätigt die hervorragende Wirksamkeit und gute Verträglichkeit von Artesunat-Mefl oquin zur Th erapie pä-diatrischer Patienten in Afrika. Summary.Pediatric drug formulations of artemisinin combination therapies are urgently needed for improving the treatment of children suff ering from uncomplicated malaria. Th e aim of this clinical trial was to evaluate the effi cacy, safety and tolerability of a novel pediatric fi xeddose granule formulation of artesunate-mefl oquine and a new co-blister tablet formulation. A total of 71 children aged 1-13 years suff ering from uncomplicated falciparum malaria were stratifi ed into two groups according to weight: 10-20 kg, pediatric group (n = 41); 20-40 kg, tablet group (n = 30). All the children were treated once daily for three days: the pediatric group received the novel granule formulation, the tablet group received the co-blister tablets. Th e PCR-corrected cure rate on day 28 was evaluated. Th ere was no reappearance of parasitemia during the follow-up period and the day-28 cure rate was therefore 100% in per-protocol analysis. In intention-to-treat analysis the cure rates were 95% in the pediatric group and 97% in the tablet group. Th e most frequent adverse events were vomiting (17%), abdominal pain (11%) and headache (17%). Th is study confi rms the excellent effi cacy and favorable safety and tolerability profi le of a novel pediatric artesunate-mefl oquine formulation for treatment in African children.
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