Aim: To evaluate in vitro the antimicrobial efficacy of 2% Chlorhexidine gel, Propolis and Calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis in human root dentin. Methodology:One hundred and twenty human extracted anterior teeth were decoronated below CEJ and the apical part of root was removed to obtain 6mm of middle of the root. GG no 3 was used to standardize the internal diameter of root canal. Dentin blocks were infected with E faecalis for 21 d. They were assigned into four groups (n = 30).Group 1, Saline (negative control); Group 2, Propolis; Group 3, 2% CHX; Group 4, Calcium hydroxide, At the end of 1, 3, and 5 days an assessment of microbial cells was carried out at a depth of 400 μm and colony counts were calculated.The data were analysed statistically with one-way analysis of variance followed by Scheffe multiple comparison test (p < 0.05).
<h1>In recent years, the popularity of tooth colored restorative material has led to a rapid increase in the use of resins. This critical review paper is meant to be useful contribution to the recognition & understanding of problems related to the failures of composite restoration. This review categorizes the challenges as those related to the restorative materials, the dentist and the patients. In spite of the major improvements in both physical and mechanical characteristics following factors are still of major concern, such as improper case selection, isolation, wear resistance, cavity preparation, placement of composites, curing, finishing & polishing. Major problems associated with composites failures are polymerization shrinkage & contraction stress related to polymerization shrinkage, water sorption, solubility, discoloration of restoration (staining), elution of material from restoration, marginal failures, secondary caries, and fracture of the restoration, post-operative sensitivity, and micro-leakage.</h1>
Aim To investigate the influence of cervical preflaring on apical file size determination using four different rotary instruments. Materials and methods Fifty root canals from extracted human maxillary premolars with complete root formation, straight roots were used for the study. Access opening was done and the working length established with 8 no K-file for each canal. Teeth were randomly divided into five groups of 10 canals. In Group 1- no preflaring was done and acted as control and in Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 cervical and middle third preflaring of the root canals were done using Gates Glidden drills, Protaper instruments, Race instruments and Galaxy files respectively. After preflaring, the apical file size determination was done and the initial apical file (IAF) was fixed at the working length. Teeth were sectioned transversally 1 mm from the apex, with the binding file in position. The samples were imaged under stereomicroscope with 30× magnification. Root canal and file maximum diameters were recorded for each sample. The readings were subjected to analysis of variance test and Scheffe's multiple comparison test. Results Preflaring with Race instruments lead to most accurate determination of the IAF. It was followed by Protaper, Galaxy files and Gates Glidden drills. Conclusion Traditional method of apical size determination may lead to a substantial underestimation of actual canal size. Cervical preflaring increases the accuracy of apical size determination. Clinical significance Thus, cervical preflaring is recommended before selection of IAF as it increases the accuracy of apical size determination. How to cite this article Ashwini TS, Bhandari S. The Influence of Cervical Preflaring of Root Canal on Determination of Initial Apical File using Gates Glidden Drills, Protaper, Race and Diamond-Coated Galaxy Files. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012; 13(4):554-558.
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