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Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro hepato protective activity of unexploited plants, Sphaeranthus amaranthoides and Oldenlandia umbellate on CCl 4 induced liver injury, which are indigenous to South India. Methods: in the present study the methanolic extracts from Sphaeranthus amaranthoides and Oldenlandia umbellata were studied against the carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity. Results: significant hepatoprotective effect was obtained against carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage as judged from serum marker enzyme activities (SGOT, SGPT, ALT, and TB) and a normal architecture of liver compare to toxic control. Conclusion: the result revealed that methanolic extracts of Sphaeranthus amaranthoides and Oldenlandia umbellata could be useful in preventing CCl 4 induced liver injury.

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In rural and backward areas of West Bengal in India, several plants were commonly used as herbal medicine for the treatment of many diseases without studying any photochemical and biological information in detail. The current study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic study of methanolic extract of Cardanthera difformis. Methanolic extract of Candanthera difformis was screened for anti-inflammatory activity by denaturation of egg albumin. The methanolic extract of Candanthera difformis was subjected to in vitro inhibition of protein denaturation in various concentrations i.e. 100, 200, 400, 800, 1000 µg/ml. Methanolic extract exhibited a concentration dependent inhibition of protein (albumin) denaturation. The anti-diabetic behaviour of methanol extracts of whole plant of Cardanthera difformis using the standard optical density assay were investigated against the two very essential enzyme α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The intestinal digestive enzymes play a vital role in the carbohydrate digestion. Pancreatic alpha-amylase and glucosidase inhibitors offer an effective strategy to lower the levels of post prandial hyperglycaemia via control of starch breakdown. The goal of the present study is to improve in vitro evidence of potential inhibition of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes by using the methanolic extract of Cardanthera difformis. The present study suggests that the crude extract of Cardanthera difformis effectively act as in vitro anti-inflammatory and in vitro anti-diabetic activity.

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Lean blowout (LBO) is a serious issue in modern gas turbine engines that operate in a lean (premixed) mode to follow the stringent emission norms. When an engine operates with a lean fuel–air mixture, the flame becomes unstable and is at times carried out of the combustion chamber by the unburnt flow. Thus, the sudden loss of the flame, known as lean blowout, leads to fatal accidents in aircrafts and loss of production in power plants. Therefore, an in-depth analysis of lean blowout is necessary as the phenomenon involves complex interactions between flow dynamics and chemical kinetics. For understanding the complex dynamics of this phenomenon, recurrence analysis can be a very useful method. In the current study, we observe a transition to LBO as the global fuel–air ratio is reduced from stoichiometric condition and perform recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) with the CH∗ chemiluminescence data obtained experimentally. The extent of fuel–air mixing is varied with an objective of developing some robust early predictors of LBO that would work over a wide range of premixing. We find some RQA measures, such as determinism, laminarity, and trapping time, which show distinctive signature toward LBO and thereby can be used as early predictors of LBO for both premixed and partially premixed flames. Our analysis shows that the computational time for laminarity and trapping time is relatively less. However, computational time for those measures depends upon the dynamics of the combustor, size of the data taken, and choice of recurrence threshold.