Objective To study the effect of iron supplementation on pregnancy outcome in pregnant women with haemoglobin (Hb) ‡13.2 g/dl.Design A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Setting Routine health services.Population Seven hundred and twenty-seven pregnant women with Hb ‡13.2 g/dl in the early stage of the second trimester.Methods Each woman took one tablet of 50 mg of ferrous sulphate daily in the case group (n = 370) or placebo in the control group (n = 357) throughout pregnancy.Main outcome measures Pregnancy outcome.Results While there were no significant differences in demographic and obstetric characteristics between the two groups before any intervention, small-for- Conclusions Our finding proves that routine iron supplementation in nonanaemic women is not rational and may be harmful.Keywords Iron supplementation, nonanaemic women, pregnancy outcome.Please cite this paper as: Ziaei S, Norrozi M, Faghihzadeh S, Jafarbegloo E. A randomised placebo-controlled trial to determine the effect of iron supplementation on pregnancy outcome in pregnant women with haemoglobin ‡ 13.2 g/dl. BJOG 2007;114:684-688.

Whole body vibration training improved proprioception and balance in athletes with reconstructed ACL.

Aim: To determine whether a nurse telephone follow-up service could improve the level of adherence to a diabetes therapeutic regimen for patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: A total of 61 patients attended a 3 day diabetes self-care program at the Iranian Diabetes Society. They were randomly assigned to one of the experimental or control groups. A telephone follow-up program was applied to the experimental group for 3 months, twice per week for the first month and weekly for the second and third months. The data-collection instruments included a data sheet to record the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level and a questionnaire. The data were collected at baseline and after 12 weeks. Results: There were significant differences between the control and the experimental groups in their adherence to a diabetic diet, exercise, foot care, blood glucose monitoring, and medication-taking. Also, the HbA1c levels differed significantly between the two groups after 3 months. Conclusion: A nurse-led telephone follow-up was effective in enhancing the level of adherence to a diabetes therapeutic regimen, such that the HbA1c level decreased.

IL-8 plays important roles in ocular inflammation and angiogenesis in conjunctiva, cornea, iris, retina, and orbit. Anti-IL-8 targeted immunotherapy has been introduced as an important treatment modality, provided that IL-8 signal blocking takes place in desired areas and tissues.

The study relied on self-report by a limited sample of nurses and patients. The responses should now be tested by a larger sample and then by empirical research into actual practice in order to test whether the nurses' and patients' perceived ideas of communication barriers are substantiated.

Background: The present study aimed at assessing the psychometric properties of psychosocial determinants of physical activity-related measures in Iranian adolescent girls.

what is known already: The prevalence of PCOS in Iran is relatively high and studying QOL in these patients is important. The PCOSQ has previously been translated and validated in Iran but no studies had examined the psychometric properties of the MPCOSQ in Iran. study design, size, and duration: This was a cross-sectional study. After linguistic validation of the Iranian version of MPCOSQ, an expert panel evaluated the items by assessing the content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR). Then a semi-structured interview was conducted to assess face validity. Consequently, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to indicate the scale constructs (n ¼ 200). In addition, reliability analyses including internal consistency and test-retest analysis were carried out.participants/materials, setting, and methods: This study was carried out on women with PCOS (n ¼ 200) who attended two private gynecology clinics in Kashan, Iran. Patients were eligible if they met each of the following criteria: 15 -40 years of age; married; not having non-classic adrenal hyperplasia, thyroid dysfunction and hyperprolactinemia; Iranian; not having problems in speaking or listening; having two of the following Rotterdam diagnostic criteria: (i) polycystic ovaries visualized on ultrasound scan (presence of 12 follicles or more in one or both ovaries and/or increased ovarian volume .10 ml), (ii) clinical signs of hyperandrogenism (the hirsutism score based on the Ferriman -Gallwey score .7 or obvious acne) and/or an elevated plasma testosterone (normal range testosterone ,2 nmol/l), (iii) having an interval between menstrual periods .35 days and/or amenorrhea as the absence of vaginal bleeding for at least 6 months, i.e. 199 days.main results and the role of chance: CVI and CVR scores for MPCOSQ were 0.96 and 0.92, respectively. A six-factor solution (emotional disturbance, weight, infertility, acne, menstrual difficulties and hirsutism) emerged as a result of an EFA and explained 0.64% of the variance observed. The result of the EFA supported the item 'late menstrual period' being placed in the menstrual rather than the emotional subscale. The results of the CFA for six-factor model for MPCOSQ indicated an acceptable fit for the proposed model. Additional analyses indicated satisfactory results for internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.76 to 0.92) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ranging from 0.71 to 0.92). Moving 'late menstrual period' from the emotional to the menstrual subscale significantly improved the reliability coefficient for both subscales.limitations, reasons for caution: Study of patients with PCOS attending two private gynecology clinics may limit generalization of the findings to the entire population with PCOS. All patients in this study were married for cultural reasons in Iran. Therefore, the results of the present study have to be interpreted with some caution. study funding/competing interest(s): The authors declare that they have no ...

Later admission in labor increases the rate of spontaneous vaginal delivery in low risk nulliparous women.