what is known already: The prevalence of PCOS in Iran is relatively high and studying QOL in these patients is important. The PCOSQ has previously been translated and validated in Iran but no studies had examined the psychometric properties of the MPCOSQ in Iran. study design, size, and duration: This was a cross-sectional study. After linguistic validation of the Iranian version of MPCOSQ, an expert panel evaluated the items by assessing the content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR). Then a semi-structured interview was conducted to assess face validity. Consequently, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to indicate the scale constructs (n ¼ 200). In addition, reliability analyses including internal consistency and test-retest analysis were carried out.participants/materials, setting, and methods: This study was carried out on women with PCOS (n ¼ 200) who attended two private gynecology clinics in Kashan, Iran. Patients were eligible if they met each of the following criteria: 15 -40 years of age; married; not having non-classic adrenal hyperplasia, thyroid dysfunction and hyperprolactinemia; Iranian; not having problems in speaking or listening; having two of the following Rotterdam diagnostic criteria: (i) polycystic ovaries visualized on ultrasound scan (presence of 12 follicles or more in one or both ovaries and/or increased ovarian volume .10 ml), (ii) clinical signs of hyperandrogenism (the hirsutism score based on the Ferriman -Gallwey score .7 or obvious acne) and/or an elevated plasma testosterone (normal range testosterone ,2 nmol/l), (iii) having an interval between menstrual periods .35 days and/or amenorrhea as the absence of vaginal bleeding for at least 6 months, i.e. 199 days.main results and the role of chance: CVI and CVR scores for MPCOSQ were 0.96 and 0.92, respectively. A six-factor solution (emotional disturbance, weight, infertility, acne, menstrual difficulties and hirsutism) emerged as a result of an EFA and explained 0.64% of the variance observed. The result of the EFA supported the item 'late menstrual period' being placed in the menstrual rather than the emotional subscale. The results of the CFA for six-factor model for MPCOSQ indicated an acceptable fit for the proposed model. Additional analyses indicated satisfactory results for internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.76 to 0.92) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ranging from 0.71 to 0.92). Moving 'late menstrual period' from the emotional to the menstrual subscale significantly improved the reliability coefficient for both subscales.limitations, reasons for caution: Study of patients with PCOS attending two private gynecology clinics may limit generalization of the findings to the entire population with PCOS. All patients in this study were married for cultural reasons in Iran. Therefore, the results of the present study have to be interpreted with some caution. study funding/competing interest(s): The authors declare that they have no ...

BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of mood disorders and examine a range of predictors for psychological well-being among Iranian women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).MethodsA cross-sectional study was undertaken to ascertain the factors related to psychological distress in PCOS patients in Kashan, Iran. Psychological distress was measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). In addition we assessed quality of life using the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Socio-demographic details and clinical information of PCOS including obesity (body mass index), excessive body hair (hirsutism score), acne, menstrual cycle disturbances, infertility and endocrine profile also were recorded for each patient.ResultsIn all 300 women with PCOS were entered into the study. Of these 32% (n =96) showed elevated HADS anxiety while depression was high in 5% (n =15). Quality of life was significantly impaired in women with anxiety (P <0.05), and depression (P <0.001) and in particular, in women with coexistence anxiety and depression (P <0.001) compared with unaffected participants. Compared with the non-depressed PCOS patients, the depressed women had significantly higher menstrual irregularities (P = 0.008). Moreover, we found significant difference in FAI level between the depressed and non depressed (p = 0.05), the anxious and non anxious patients (p < 0.001) compare to non affected PCOS women.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of depression and anxiety in this population suggests that initial evaluation of all women with PCOS should also include assessment of mental health disorders. The clinician should further pay attention to background of their patients especially in view of the factors influencing psychological well-being.

Introduction Understanding the factors that contribute to health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is critical for developing the most appropriate interventions for improving or maintaining the HRQOL in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. Aim This study sought to determine the most significant predictors of the HRQOL in patients with PCOS. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 300 women with PCOS that was carried out in Kashan, Iran. A sample of women with PCOS was entered into the study and completed the following questionnaires: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI), the Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale score, the modified polycystic ovary syndrome health-related quality of life questionnaire, the Female Sexual Function Index. Main Outcome Measure Both direct and indirect relationships among clinical severity, psychological status, self-esteem, body image, and sexual function as independent predictors of HRQOL were examined using structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. By using the SEM, we simultaneously test a number of possible hypotheses concerning the interrelations among the predictors of HRQOL in PCOS patients. Results In relation with severity of PCOS, reproductive history and menstrual status explained a high proportion of the variance of clinical variables (factor loading 0.37 and 0.34, respectively). The highest effect on HRQL was exerted by indirect effect of clinical factor (β = 0.90), self-esteem (β = 1.12), body image (β = 1.06), and sexual function (β = 0.26) that influenced negatively HRQOL. The infertility and menstrual domains were the most affected areas of HRQOL. In relation with sexual dysfunction, the most affected domains were desire and arousal. Conclusion The highest effect of PCOS symptoms on HRQOL impairment among patients was exerted by self-esteem, body image, and sexual dysfunction. With regard to HRQOL in clinical routine, we conclude these mediating factors should be taken into consideration and adequately treated if present.

In patients with various phenotypes of PCOS, the effects of mediating variables on HRQOL are different. In patients with PCOS, the findings suggest that mediating factors, especially psychologic distress, self-esteem, body image, and sexual function, play an important role and should be taken into consideration and adequately treated if present.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is with oxidative stress in women of reproductive age. Oxidative stress is an important factor in the development of insulin resistance. Some micronutrients are also linked to oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between insulin resistance and micronutrient intake in PCOS subgroups. Methods: This case-control study was performed on 151 PCOS. They were divided into four groups according to the Rotterdam diagnostic criteria: D = 37, C = 40, B = 33, A = 41 and 31 women were also in the control group and did not have this syndrome. Micronutrient food intake was assessed with a 168-item FFQ feed frequency questionnaire. Insulin resistance was diagnosed with HOMA-IR index (Cut off> 2.5). The data were analyzed with SPSS 22 using Kruskal Wallis (KW), Spearman, and Chi-square tests. Results: The mean age of participants was 28.53 years. There was a significant relationship between the HOMA-IR and some dietary components (selenium depletion in group A, zinc depletion, vitamin D, and vitamin E in group D, and vitamin D and vitamin E depletion in control group) (P < 0.05). There was no relationship between subgroups B and C. Conclusion: Due to the significant relationship between insulin resistance indices, increasing the dietary intake of zinc, selenium, vitamin D, and vitamin E in women with PCOS, as well as increasing the dietary intake of these micronutrients in improving the physical health and fertility parameters of these people is recommended.

IntroductionPCOS is the most common endocrine disorder in women of childbearing age. Insulin resistance is a key component of the pathophysiology of PCOS that can increase the secretion of serum androgens. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between insulin resistance and serum androgens levels in PCOS subgroups.MethodsHormonal and clinical laboratory studies were performed for all research units. Insulin resistance was diagnosed with the HOMA index (Cut off> 2.5). ResultsIn subgroup A, there was a positive relationship between HOMA-IR with FAI (P = 0.014) and negative relationship with SHBG (P <0.001). In subgroup C, a negative relationship was observed between HOMA-IR and SHBG (P = 0.002). In subgroup D, there was a positive relationship between HOMA-IR and FAI (P = 0.035). No significant association was found in the control group and subgroup B (P> 0.05). Also, in all different PCOS phenotypes, no association was found between HOMA-IR and serum TT levels (P> 0.05).ConclusionThere was a relationship between insulin resistance and some serum androgens in PCOS subtypes. Therefore, it is hoped that early detection of these at-risk patients will be done through early biochemical markers to prevent and change lifestyle.