Postpartum depression (PPD) is the most important postpartum mood disorder due to its significant effect on both the infant and family health. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) has been suggested as a hormonal agent involved in the development of depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the plasma concentrations of AVP and the score of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016–2017 in Darehshahr Township, Ilam Province, Iran. In the first phase, 303 pregnant women, who were at 38 weeks, met the inclusion criteria, and were not depressed (according to their EPDS scores) were included in the study. In the 6–8 week postpartum follow-up, using the EPDS, 31 depressed individuals were diagnosed and referred to a psychiatrist for confirmation. The maternal venous blood samples of 24 depressed individuals still meeting the inclusion criteria and 66 randomly selected non-depressed subjects were obtained to measure their AVP plasma concentrations with ELISA assay. There was a significant positive relationship between plasma AVP levels and the EPDS score (P = 0.000, r = 0.658). Also the mean plasma concentration of AVP was significantly higher in the depressed group (41.35 ± 13.75 ng/ml) than in the non-depressed group (26.01 ± 7.83 ng/ml) (P < 0.001). In a multiple logistic regression model for various parameters, increased vasopressin levels were associated with increased odds of PPD (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.07–1.24, P = 0.000). Furthermore, multiparity (OR = 5.45, 95% CI = 1.21–24.43, P = 0.027) and non-exclusive breastfeeding (OR = 13.06, 95% CI = 1.36–125, P = 0.026) were associated with increased odds of PPD. Maternal gender preference (having a baby of desired and desired sex) decreased the odds of PPD (OR = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.02–0.79, P = 0.027 and OR = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.01–0.5, P = 0.007). AVP seems to be a contributor to clinical PPD by affecting the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Furthermore, primiparous women had significantly lower EPDS scores.
Background and objectivesThe population of older people is increasing across the world. Older people need care and support from their families to be able to live independently. This study aimed to design and evaluate the psychometric properties of the family support for older people (FSOP) questionnaire.MethodsIn this instrument development study using a mixed-methods design, the psychometric properties of the FSOP questionnaire in terms of validity and reliability were evaluated.ResultsThe FSOP questionnaire consisted of 50 items in six domains. It was shown to have appropriate qualitative and quantitative validities (score > 1.5). The indicators of content validity (CVR > 0.62, ICVI ≥ 0.80, and SCVI > 0.94) and confirmatory factor analysis (indexes of χ2/df = 2.50, CFI = 0.96, GFI = 0.97, AGFI = 0.96, NNFI = 0.96, PNFI = 0.89, TLI = 0.96, and RMSEA = 0.06) were satisfactory. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for reliability was 0.94, indicating an optimal score.ConclusionsHealthcare providers and family caregivers are suggested to use the FSOP questionnaire for improving the quality of life of older people at home.
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is with oxidative stress in women of reproductive age. Oxidative stress is an important factor in the development of insulin resistance. Some micronutrients are also linked to oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between insulin resistance and micronutrient intake in PCOS subgroups. Methods: This case-control study was performed on 151 PCOS. They were divided into four groups according to the Rotterdam diagnostic criteria: D = 37, C = 40, B = 33, A = 41 and 31 women were also in the control group and did not have this syndrome. Micronutrient food intake was assessed with a 168-item FFQ feed frequency questionnaire. Insulin resistance was diagnosed with HOMA-IR index (Cut off> 2.5). The data were analyzed with SPSS 22 using Kruskal Wallis (KW), Spearman, and Chi-square tests. Results: The mean age of participants was 28.53 years. There was a significant relationship between the HOMA-IR and some dietary components (selenium depletion in group A, zinc depletion, vitamin D, and vitamin E in group D, and vitamin D and vitamin E depletion in control group) (P < 0.05). There was no relationship between subgroups B and C. Conclusion: Due to the significant relationship between insulin resistance indices, increasing the dietary intake of zinc, selenium, vitamin D, and vitamin E in women with PCOS, as well as increasing the dietary intake of these micronutrients in improving the physical health and fertility parameters of these people is recommended.
Background & Aims Knee osteoarthritis (KO) is one of the most common causes of pain, reduced function and disability in the elderly. Exercise is one of the methods suggested to manage the pain caused by KO. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of a home workout program on reducing pain in the elderly with KO. Materials & Methods In this randomized controlled clinical trial conducted in March 2021 for three months, 70 older adults with KO were selected using a convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to exercise and control groups. The workout program was first implemented twice a day for 4 weeks in the clinic as a trial. Then, it was performed twice a day at home for another 4 weeks. Before and after the exercise, the patients were evaluated by the pain subscale of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 18 using independent t, paired t test, chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic and clinical variables and in the mean pain score before the intervention (P=0.587). After the intervention, a significant reduction in pain intensity was reported in the exercise group (P= 0.009). Conclusion The home workout program is effective in reducing the pain of the elderly with KO. It is recommended to use it as a simple and cost-effective intervention to rehabilitate patients with KO along with other treatment methods.
The authors have been informed of an error that occurred on page 661 in which the word “Iran” has been missed in the affiliation of the third author (Azadeh Mottaghi), which should be corrected as: “Research Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran”. On behalf of the author, the publisher wishes to apologize for this error. The online version of article has been updated on 15 November 2022 and can be found at https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v17i9.5102.
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