INTRODUCTION:Primary dysmenorrhea without pelvic pathology is one of the most common complaints in women's medicine. Primary dysmenorrhea can affect the quality of life of women. Aerobic exercise is one of the ways to reduce the severity of primary dysmenorrhea. The present study aimed to determine the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea.METHODS:This is a clinical trial study performed on 70 students with primary dysmenorrhea in dormitories of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2015. Participants were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The instrument was a visual pain questionnaire completed by the two groups in the first 3 days of the menstrual cycle. The exercise protocol included aerobic exercise, which performed the intervention group for 8 weeks, three times a week, and each time for 30 min. Data were analyzed by Fisher and Chi-square tests.RESULTS:The control and intervention groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic characteristics. Results showed that the severity of primary dysmenorrhea at the beginning of the study was not significantly correlated with the two groups. At the end of the 4 weeks after the intervention, the intervention group did not show any significant changes in the control group (P = 0.423) but At the end of 8 weeks after the study, the intervention group showed significant changes compared to the control group (P = 0.041).CONCLUSION:The results of this study showed that performing aerobic exercise can improve primary dysmenorrhea. Therefore, aerobic exercise can be used to treat primary dysmenorrhea.

Abstract-InResilience Scale, a vocabulary checklist, and a validated battery of four reading tests were given to the subjects. In order to empirically investigate the research hypotheses, the subjects were divided into two groups of high and low critical thinking and resilience groups. The results of the analyses for the collected data through t-test revealed that (a) the levels of critical thinking had significant effect on the scores of the subjects on resilience scale, (b) the levels of critical thinking had significant effect on the subjects' reading ability of texts with unfamiliar vocabulary items, and (c) the levels of resilience had significant effect on the subjects' reading ability of texts with unfamiliar vocabulary items. Therefore, the findings indicated that the three variables are related rejecting all three null hypotheses. The effect size index for the t-observed values were .62, .79, and .30, respectively. Moreover, the factor loadings for the four tests showed that the critical thinking questionnaire, resilience scale, and reading comprehension test all tap on the same underlying construct. The findings bear some implications for syllabus and materials designers, test developers, teachers and students' practice in EFL/ESL classrooms.

Variable clinical presentation of disease and increasing intensity of cardiac involvement is not related to the ASOT or ESR levels.

INTRODUCTION: Getting pregnant care is different due to the psychological problems of pregnant mothers. Self-compassion and social support are the important components of mental health. Women with higher self-compassion and social support can take full care of their pregnancies. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between social support and self-compassion with adequate prenatal care. METHODS: The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive study that was performed in 2018 using the available sampling method on 500 pregnant mothers referred to Isfahan health centers. Individuals entered the study if they had entry criteria and no exit criteria, and completed social support, self-compassion, and adequacy of pregnancy care questionnaires. The data were coded and analyzed by SPSS software version 22 and Pearson's correlation statistical test. RESULTS: The results of data analysis with Pearson's correlation test showed a positive and statistically significant relationship with pregnancy care between the overall score of social support ( P < 0.001) and the dimensions of social support such as family support ( P < 0.002), support of friends ( P < 0.004), and the support of other people ( P < 0.001). The results also showed a positive and statistically significant relationship between self-compassion and prenatal care ( P < 0.001). There was a significant positive relationship between the subscales of the self-empathy questionnaire, including kindness to oneself, human commonalities, mindfulness and increasing replication, and pregnancy care, but there was a significant negative relationship between subscales of isolation and self-judgment with pregnancy care. CONCLUSION: According to the results of the present study, social support and self-compassion as two components of mental health can affect the quality of services during pregnancy. For this reason, it is recommended that health-care providers pay attention to these two issues in order to increase the level of care during pregnancy and thus ensure maternal health during pregnancy and childbirth and the health of the fetus and baby.