what is known already: The prevalence of PCOS in Iran is relatively high and studying QOL in these patients is important. The PCOSQ has previously been translated and validated in Iran but no studies had examined the psychometric properties of the MPCOSQ in Iran. study design, size, and duration: This was a cross-sectional study. After linguistic validation of the Iranian version of MPCOSQ, an expert panel evaluated the items by assessing the content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR). Then a semi-structured interview was conducted to assess face validity. Consequently, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to indicate the scale constructs (n ¼ 200). In addition, reliability analyses including internal consistency and test-retest analysis were carried out.participants/materials, setting, and methods: This study was carried out on women with PCOS (n ¼ 200) who attended two private gynecology clinics in Kashan, Iran. Patients were eligible if they met each of the following criteria: 15 -40 years of age; married; not having non-classic adrenal hyperplasia, thyroid dysfunction and hyperprolactinemia; Iranian; not having problems in speaking or listening; having two of the following Rotterdam diagnostic criteria: (i) polycystic ovaries visualized on ultrasound scan (presence of 12 follicles or more in one or both ovaries and/or increased ovarian volume .10 ml), (ii) clinical signs of hyperandrogenism (the hirsutism score based on the Ferriman -Gallwey score .7 or obvious acne) and/or an elevated plasma testosterone (normal range testosterone ,2 nmol/l), (iii) having an interval between menstrual periods .35 days and/or amenorrhea as the absence of vaginal bleeding for at least 6 months, i.e. 199 days.main results and the role of chance: CVI and CVR scores for MPCOSQ were 0.96 and 0.92, respectively. A six-factor solution (emotional disturbance, weight, infertility, acne, menstrual difficulties and hirsutism) emerged as a result of an EFA and explained 0.64% of the variance observed. The result of the EFA supported the item 'late menstrual period' being placed in the menstrual rather than the emotional subscale. The results of the CFA for six-factor model for MPCOSQ indicated an acceptable fit for the proposed model. Additional analyses indicated satisfactory results for internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.76 to 0.92) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ranging from 0.71 to 0.92). Moving 'late menstrual period' from the emotional to the menstrual subscale significantly improved the reliability coefficient for both subscales.limitations, reasons for caution: Study of patients with PCOS attending two private gynecology clinics may limit generalization of the findings to the entire population with PCOS. All patients in this study were married for cultural reasons in Iran. Therefore, the results of the present study have to be interpreted with some caution. study funding/competing interest(s): The authors declare that they have no ...

BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of mood disorders and examine a range of predictors for psychological well-being among Iranian women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).MethodsA cross-sectional study was undertaken to ascertain the factors related to psychological distress in PCOS patients in Kashan, Iran. Psychological distress was measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). In addition we assessed quality of life using the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Socio-demographic details and clinical information of PCOS including obesity (body mass index), excessive body hair (hirsutism score), acne, menstrual cycle disturbances, infertility and endocrine profile also were recorded for each patient.ResultsIn all 300 women with PCOS were entered into the study. Of these 32% (n =96) showed elevated HADS anxiety while depression was high in 5% (n =15). Quality of life was significantly impaired in women with anxiety (P <0.05), and depression (P <0.001) and in particular, in women with coexistence anxiety and depression (P <0.001) compared with unaffected participants. Compared with the non-depressed PCOS patients, the depressed women had significantly higher menstrual irregularities (P = 0.008). Moreover, we found significant difference in FAI level between the depressed and non depressed (p = 0.05), the anxious and non anxious patients (p < 0.001) compare to non affected PCOS women.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of depression and anxiety in this population suggests that initial evaluation of all women with PCOS should also include assessment of mental health disorders. The clinician should further pay attention to background of their patients especially in view of the factors influencing psychological well-being.

Introduction Understanding the factors that contribute to health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is critical for developing the most appropriate interventions for improving or maintaining the HRQOL in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. Aim This study sought to determine the most significant predictors of the HRQOL in patients with PCOS. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 300 women with PCOS that was carried out in Kashan, Iran. A sample of women with PCOS was entered into the study and completed the following questionnaires: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI), the Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale score, the modified polycystic ovary syndrome health-related quality of life questionnaire, the Female Sexual Function Index. Main Outcome Measure Both direct and indirect relationships among clinical severity, psychological status, self-esteem, body image, and sexual function as independent predictors of HRQOL were examined using structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. By using the SEM, we simultaneously test a number of possible hypotheses concerning the interrelations among the predictors of HRQOL in PCOS patients. Results In relation with severity of PCOS, reproductive history and menstrual status explained a high proportion of the variance of clinical variables (factor loading 0.37 and 0.34, respectively). The highest effect on HRQL was exerted by indirect effect of clinical factor (β = 0.90), self-esteem (β = 1.12), body image (β = 1.06), and sexual function (β = 0.26) that influenced negatively HRQOL. The infertility and menstrual domains were the most affected areas of HRQOL. In relation with sexual dysfunction, the most affected domains were desire and arousal. Conclusion The highest effect of PCOS symptoms on HRQOL impairment among patients was exerted by self-esteem, body image, and sexual dysfunction. With regard to HRQOL in clinical routine, we conclude these mediating factors should be taken into consideration and adequately treated if present.

Performing the simple acupressure protocol at LIV3 and LI4 is an effective method to decrease the severity of PMS symptoms, anxiety and depression, and to improve the QOL. Pressure at LIV3 and LI4 appears to be equally effective.

Applying a simple pressure protocol to the Taichong acupoint was an effective and inexpensive way of decreasing the severity of dysmenorrhea.

BackgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with a range of challenging symptoms which impact patient’s lives. Iranian women with PCOS are likely to face a number of unique difficulties given particular societal and cultural norms for women. Understanding health-related quality of life (HRQoL) from a patients’perspective is critical to developing the appropriate support interventions. The present study aimed to generate an in-depthunderstanding of HRQoL Iranian women with PCOS.MethodsTwenty Iranian women were interviewed and data was subjected to thematic analysis.ResultsWomen reported substantial effects of PCOS on their quality of life, Themes generated from the data related to sexual - physical problems (An unsexualised self: loss, change and pain; and Being pained and painful); exposure and nvasion: the rejecting and invading social world (Concealing and Avoiding and Public property: public scrutiny), diminished self and diminished life (Infertile as inferior and Exhausted mind andbody) respectively.ConclusionPCOS is a physical - sexual, psychological and social syndrome; therefore, it is necessary to taking a more holistic approach to patient care beyond treating physical symptoms.

In patients with various phenotypes of PCOS, the effects of mediating variables on HRQOL are different. In patients with PCOS, the findings suggest that mediating factors, especially psychologic distress, self-esteem, body image, and sexual function, play an important role and should be taken into consideration and adequately treated if present.

Background The purpose of the present study was to evaluate obstetric, maternal, and neonatal outcomes in COVID-19 compared to healthy pregnant women in Iran. Results A case-control study was conducted on 55 COVID-19 as the case and 55 matched control pregnant women in Hormozgan, Iran. Patients were considered to be cases if they had a positive COVID-19 test plus a positive chest X-ray result. Our measures were COVID-19 symptoms, including laboratory evaluations, clinical symptoms, and maternal and neonatal outcomes. The most prevalent symptoms related to COVID-19 were fever (69.09%) and cough (58.18%). Less common symptoms included fatigue, diarrhea, shortness of breath, sore throat, and myalgia. Hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine (58.18%) and antibiotic therapy (45.45%) were the most prevalent management in COVID-19 patients. Based on our findings, maternal and obstetric outcomes—neonatal in case groups—such as mode of delivery, premature rupture of membrane, postpartum hemorrhage, perineal resection rate, neonates’ birth weight, Apgar score, and neonatal asphyxia rate were similar to pregnant women without COVID-19. We observed a higher incidence rate of premature delivery in COVID-19 cases (25 vs. 10%) (p < 0.05). In the present study, we found that women with COVID-19 had a more than twofold increased odds of preterm labor. History of preterm delivery was also associated with high twofold odds of preterm labor. Conclusion We observed a higher incidence rate of premature delivery in COVID-19 cases. Women with COVID-19 had a more than twofold increased odds of preterm labor. Considering prematurity has high morbidity and is regarded as the primary cause of mortality in children under 5 years old, more case-control studies are needed to ascertain the results.