Objective To explore the prevalence and possible predictors of cognitive impairment in persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Individuals from a longitudinal cohort study of RA participated in a study visit that included a range of physical, psychosocial, and biologic metrics. Cognitive function was assessed using a battery of 12 standardized neuropsychological measures yielding 16 indices. Subjects were classified as “impaired” if they performed 1 SD below age-based population norms on at least 4 of 16 indices. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify which of the following were significant predictors of cognitive impairment: sex, race, income, education, depression, disease duration, disease severity, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, glucocorticoid use, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Results A total of 115 subjects with a mean ± SD age of 58.6 ± 10.8 years were included; 64% were women and 81% were white. The proportion of persons who were classified as cognitively impaired was 31%. Education, income, glucocorticoid use, and CVD risk factors independently predicted cognitive impairment, controlling for sex, race, disease duration, disease severity, CRP level, and depression. Individuals with cognitive impairment were more likely to have low education (odds ratio [OR] 6.18, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.6–23.87), have low income (OR 7.12, 95% CI 1.35–37.51), use oral glucocorticoids (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.05–8.12), and have increased CVD risk factors (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.19–2.17 per risk factor). Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that the burden of cognitive impairment in RA is significant, and future studies identifying specific etiologic contributors to cognitive impairment are warranted.

The aim of this study was to understand the concept of innovative behavior and its theoretical and practical implications for nursing. Methods: Eight-step modification of Wilson's classic concept analysis procedure (1963) by Walker and Avant's (2005) was used to explore the antecedents, attributes, and consequences of innovative behavior in the literature. Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, OVID Medline, Science Direct, and ERIC databases using "innovative behavior" or "innovative work behavior", "innovativeness", "innovation", "leadership", "healthcare", and "nursing" as keywords, with no limitation on publication date. Results: Organizing the framework based on the method of concept analysis by Walker and Avant , defining attributes to innovative behavior were opportunity exploration, idea generation, idea search, idea communication, promotion of idea, idea championing, application, and overcoming obstacles. Antecedents to innovative behavior are categorized into three groups: organizational characteristics, work environmental characteristics, and individual characteristics. Consequences of innovative behavior included job productivity, lower levels of job burnout, job satisfaction, solving the organizational problems, organizational commitment, organizational efficiency, and effectiveness. Conclusion: Eight dimensions including opportunity exploration, idea generation, idea search, idea communication, idea promotion, championing, application, and overcoming obstacles were analyzed. We suggest promoting innovative behavior through leadership and management in nursing. Future research should focus on developing instruments and conducting empirical studies on innovative behavior in nursing research and practice.

To effectively promote health-related quality of life in vulnerable older people, medication adherence and health literacy of patients should be assessed, and patient-centred intervention strategies that consider their individual differences should be developed.

Because of the implementation of social distancing measures following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, face-to-face interaction has plummeted, which has resulted in the prolific use of social networking services (SNS) and increased activity in the cyberspace environment. This is especially true for teenagers and young adults with the shift to online classes in the education sector, which has increased the chances of being exposed to cyberbullying. This study attempts to determine a strategy for counteracting cyberbullying in the post-COVID-19 era by identifying the factors that have contributed toward greater aggression by adolescents in South Korea in 2020 when the spread of COVID-19 was at its height. To achieve this, we employed the Cyberbullying Circumstance Analysis dataset from the Korea Communications Commission for the time frame of between 2019 and 2020, with 4779 and 4958 participants, respectively. The causes and effects that led to cyberbullying were investigated using binary logistic regression analysis. By reviewing the research data targeted towards Korean adolescents, our analysis found that the average age of those who engage in cyberbullying decreased in 2020 compared to 2019. In addition, cyberbullying awareness at school and the school’s capability of controlling it influenced the number of cyberbullies from a statistical grounding, which could be found only in the 2020 dataset. An approach to establishing policies in schools to contain preemptive measures and increase cyberbullying awareness has been proposed to prevent such mishaps in the post-COVID-19 era.

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