Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has spread at an alarming rate worldwide. Its dominant feature is arterial hypoxemia seen due to ventilation perfusion mismatch. This causes reduced oxygen diffusion that affects functional capacity. Six-minute walk test is one of the commonly used test which is used to assess functional ability. However, it is more time-consuming and requires a 30-m corridor which is not always easily available. Studies have shown that the 1-minute sit to stand test (1-MSTST) is also useful for assessing functional capacity of patients with respiratory dysfunction. The aim of the study was to understand COVID-19 patient’s response to 1-MSTST with respect to number of repetitions, oxygen saturation, heart rate and perceived rate of exertion. Statistically significant difference was seen in pre and post parameters of heart rate (Pre: 91.73 ±17.12, Post: 116.06 ± 20.18, p< 0.0001); SpO2 (Pre: 97.04 ± 3.37, Post: 95.40 ± 3.93, p=0.005) and RPE (Pre: 0. 07 ± 0.25, Post: 1.49 ± 1.22, p< 0.0001). A mean of 21.26 ± 6.84 repetitions of sit to stand were performed in a minute. COVID-19 patients, thus, have significantly reduced functional capacity similar to that of patients with other respiratory dysfunctions. Thus, results of this study will enable therapist to plan the rehabilitation in COVID-19 patients to improve their functional capacity. This will enhance their ability to perform in activities of daily living and to participate in societal work and therefore will help in improving their quality of life. Key words: COVID-19, Physiotherapy, Sit to stand test, Functional Capacity Rehabilitation.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 predominantly causes respiratory disease in the form of viral pneumonia. Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, its progression and severity increases with presence of latent or active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). PTB is a highly prevalent respiratory disease in India. This case series explains the rehabilitation and course of recovery in ICU of two COVID-19 patients with post PTB sequelae. Both the cases showed safe and timely recovery due to appropriate and early physiotherapy intervention which needed modification in accordance with the medical management. However, their reduced functional capacity on pre-discharge assessment highlights the need for continuing pulmonary rehabilitation.

COVID-19 disease also known as SARS-COV-2 has made significant impact in India through millions of positive patients in this pandemic. One of the detriments of this disease is reduction in physical function and pulmonary function in turn affecting quality of life of COVID-19 patients. In this case series, 6 COVID-19 patients admitted in COVID-19 specific wards were assessed for physical functioning at pre-discharge phase, to form a baseline parameters to plan home programme and further physiotherapy rehabilitation post discharge.

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Breasts are an important aspect of a woman's femininity and all aberrations in their functional and cosmetic attributes are essential for scientic evaluation as breast cancer has become the most common cancer among women worldwide. Its risk increases with age and menopausal status. Serum parameters like Ferritin and TIBC concentration is altered in sera of these patients. Iron homeostasis is inuenced by estrogen and overload impacts cellular proliferation and physiological dysfunction in electron and oxygen transport, energy production and DNA synthesis. A vicious cycle between breast cancer, iron homeostasis deregulation, menopausal status and serum parameters derangement enables us to prognosticate such patients. METHOD: Histopathologically conrmed, 50 newly diagnosed cases were analyzed with age matched 50 clinically healthy controls with no family history. Level of serum ferritin was estimated by Sandwich Elisa using Ferritin SAElisa kit and serum TIBC level measured with CL-1000i Chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer. RESULT: Serum ferritin level in breast cancer cases (300.73±25.33ng/ml) was statistically higher than in controls (85.22±41.80ng/ml). In breast cancer, ferritin level was higher in postmenopausal (300.73±25.33ng/ml) compared to premenopausal (228.059±11.24ng/ml) patients and even in their healthy counterparts.Serum TIBC level in breast cancer (772.99±127.93) was higher than in controls (329.41± 69.40).In postmenopausal breast cancer female TIBC level was higher (815.39±104.32) compared to premenopausal females (652.31±110.86) and similarly it was higher in postmenopausal healthy controls than in premenopausal controls and signicant statistically. CONCLUSION: Serum ferritin and TIBC parameters can be used as prognostic markers for breast cancer and their levels are elevated in postmenopausal females of both breast cancer patients and healthy cases.

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Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease, causing a range of symptoms such as fever, cough, and dyspnea. 6 Minute walk test (6MWT) is recommended to measure functional capacity in COVID-19. 1- Min sit to stand (STS-1) test has been used as its alternative in various respiratory conditions. This retrospective study aims to explore the relationship between the two tests in patients with COVID-19. Patients and methods: The medical records of COVID-19 patients in a male step down unit, referred for physical therapy between the periods from 5th September, 2020 to 25th September, 2020 were analysed retrospectively. Hemodynamically stable patients who underwent 6MWT and STS-1 prior to discharge, were included in the analysis. SPSS Version 24 was used to find the correlation between 6-min walk distance (6MWD) and number of repetitions in STS-1; and to compare the haemodynamic responses between the two tests. Results: There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the 6MWD and the STS⁻¹ repetitions (r=0.75, p<0.0001). On comparison of the two tests, the change in heart rate (HR) was significantly greater in the STS⁻¹ (p = 0.027). Whereas, the change in dyspnea (modified Borg’s score) and SpO2 was similar in both the groups and was not statistically significant (p= 0.10, p=0.62; respectively). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between the 6MWT and STS⁻¹ test with similar haemodynamic response and can perhaps be used as an alternative to 6MWT in COVID-19.