Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has spread at an alarming rate worldwide. Its dominant feature is arterial hypoxemia seen due to ventilation perfusion mismatch. This causes reduced oxygen diffusion that affects functional capacity. Six-minute walk test is one of the commonly used test which is used to assess functional ability. However, it is more time-consuming and requires a 30-m corridor which is not always easily available. Studies have shown that the 1-minute sit to stand test (1-MSTST) is also useful for assessing functional capacity of patients with respiratory dysfunction. The aim of the study was to understand COVID-19 patient’s response to 1-MSTST with respect to number of repetitions, oxygen saturation, heart rate and perceived rate of exertion. Statistically significant difference was seen in pre and post parameters of heart rate (Pre: 91.73 ±17.12, Post: 116.06 ± 20.18, p< 0.0001); SpO2 (Pre: 97.04 ± 3.37, Post: 95.40 ± 3.93, p=0.005) and RPE (Pre: 0. 07 ± 0.25, Post: 1.49 ± 1.22, p< 0.0001). A mean of 21.26 ± 6.84 repetitions of sit to stand were performed in a minute. COVID-19 patients, thus, have significantly reduced functional capacity similar to that of patients with other respiratory dysfunctions. Thus, results of this study will enable therapist to plan the rehabilitation in COVID-19 patients to improve their functional capacity. This will enhance their ability to perform in activities of daily living and to participate in societal work and therefore will help in improving their quality of life.
Key words: COVID-19, Physiotherapy, Sit to stand test, Functional Capacity Rehabilitation.
COVID-19 disease also known as SARS-COV-2 has made significant impact in India through millions of positive patients in this pandemic. One of the detriments of this disease is reduction in physical function and pulmonary function in turn affecting quality of life of COVID-19 patients. In this case series, 6 COVID-19 patients admitted in COVID-19 specific wards were assessed for physical functioning at pre-discharge phase, to form a baseline parameters to plan home programme and further physiotherapy rehabilitation post discharge.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Breasts are an important aspect of a woman's femininity and all aberrations in their functional and
cosmetic attributes are essential for scientic evaluation as breast cancer has become the most common cancer among women worldwide.
Its risk increases with age and menopausal status. Serum parameters like Ferritin and TIBC concentration is altered in sera of these patients. Iron
homeostasis is inuenced by estrogen and overload impacts cellular proliferation and physiological dysfunction in electron and oxygen transport,
energy production and DNA synthesis. A vicious cycle between breast cancer, iron homeostasis deregulation, menopausal status and serum
parameters derangement enables us to prognosticate such patients.
METHOD: Histopathologically conrmed, 50 newly diagnosed cases were analyzed with age matched 50 clinically healthy controls with no
family history. Level of serum ferritin was estimated by Sandwich Elisa using Ferritin SAElisa kit and serum TIBC level measured with CL-1000i
Chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer.
RESULT: Serum ferritin level in breast cancer cases (300.73±25.33ng/ml) was statistically higher than in controls (85.22±41.80ng/ml). In breast
cancer, ferritin level was higher in postmenopausal (300.73±25.33ng/ml) compared to premenopausal (228.059±11.24ng/ml) patients and even in
their healthy counterparts.Serum TIBC level in breast cancer (772.99±127.93) was higher than in controls (329.41± 69.40).In postmenopausal
breast cancer female TIBC level was higher (815.39±104.32) compared to premenopausal females (652.31±110.86) and similarly it was higher in
postmenopausal healthy controls than in premenopausal controls and signicant statistically.
CONCLUSION: Serum ferritin and TIBC parameters can be used as prognostic markers for breast cancer and their levels are elevated in
postmenopausal females of both breast cancer patients and healthy cases.
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