In this article, a novel methodology is proposed by utilizing a technique which, in light of the change in the African vulture optimization known as Sine Cosine, adopted an African vulture optimization algorithm (SCaAVOA)-based tilt integral derivative (TID) regulator for the load frequency control (LFC) of a five-area power system with multi-type generations. At first, the execution of the Sine Cosine-adopted calculation is tried by contrasting it with the standard AVOA calculation while considering different standard benchmark functions. To demonstrate the superiority of the proposed SCaAVOA algorithm, the results are contrasted using different standard approaches. In the next stage, the proposed method is used in a five-area thermal power system and is likewise applied to a five-area, ten-unit system comprising different conventional sources as well as some renewable energy sources. The performance analysis of the planned regulator is completed for various system boundaries and loading conditions. It is seen that the said regulator is more viable in comparison to the other standard controllers.

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Clean/green energy embraces renewable resources like bio, geo, hydro, oceanic, solar, and aeolian power. They are utilized in energy generation, heating and cooling processes, transport, domestic and urban niches. India has aimed to rise in its per capita energy use to rise by 40%, and emission cut/GDP pledge by 33-35% till 2030 compared to 2005 level by building extra carbon sink 2.5-3.0 billion MT CO2e by targeting renewable source to 175GW (100GW of Solar) by 2022. The killer SARSCoV-2 virus has the target and the clean/green energy growth. The reduction of CO2 has been depleted due to industrial, urban and transportation shut downs and the 2019 grey sky has converted old blue environment, Solar power plants considered to be best remedy for apocalyptic. The Solar tree or Solar Parks concept is novel and the most easy, economic and commercial method that can have utilities in all development sector. The work envisages the design by MATLAB (Simulink simulated). The fabrication of solar trees of 180 watt capacity in workshop including has been tested under different solar insulations. The result inferred that the solar tree can be a part to solar park, installed at fallow/hilly terrains in less area, low cost by 18.51%, with higher power generation by sustaining the environment serve as real trees. The solar trees near National Highways shall sell/hire batteries on commercial basis like fuel pumps and gas cylinders for supply to e-vehicles.

Objectives: Present work envisages fault detection along with troubleshooting methodologies confirmed in solar photovoltaic workshop for grid-tied threephase inverters. Only innovative inventions are not only necessary for the society to become advanced but also to continue the modern electrical evolution with zero carbon. Methods: Here with the help of sungrow software DSP1_20_VA_J & IDM-AC Fm ver the inverter sends a notification about the fault with a fault status code to the HMU/LCD display. As per fault severity it may completely shut down or partially operate the inverter with reduced load. After the fault rectification manually by the site operator again it restores the power and inject power to the grid. Finding: Here with the help of sungrow software DSP1_20_VA_J &IDM-AC Fm ver we find various types of faults with the nature of faults i.e. insulation fault, leakage current fault, over voltage/under voltage fault, frequency faults, temperature fault, islanding with its rectification process. The major, minor, and cautionary faults and their troubleshooting procedures are elucidated in the present study with coding of faults, and its alarm level. Novelty: In previous researches, the fault identification was not done properly; as a result the inverters are tripping frequently. The present software helps to detect fault of the inverter within 0.023 millisecond and send a message to the service engineer for rectification. The present research can be of immense help to the service engineers and field workers working on solar photo voltaic sector considering popularity of photovoltaic units.

This study proposes an innovative technique for the load frequency control (LFC) of a three-area hybrid power system by putting into consideration of honey badger algorithm-based fractional order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) controller. The algorithm’s veritable use is attempted by arranging a FOPID controller for the hybrid system’s frequency regulation; the incredible potential of the proposed algorithm is proven. The proposed HBA-based FOPID regulator is presented by comparing its results with other current methods. It is seen that the said regulator is more viable for the frequency control contrasted with the regular regulator by considering a change in system parameters and different paces of RES penetration. It is also seen that the recommended controller is found to be more effective for load frequency control than the conventional controllers.